Communication Style Case Study

Aggressive/ Passive AggressiveIn scenario number one two styles of communication was used. The RN at the psychiatric care group home was very aggressive when she told the aide that his role is to just do what he is told to do and not to think. She used a firm raised voice probably making the aide feel unimportant. Her aggressiveness made him believe that only the RN role is important not his. While this was a team meeting, his part of the team was minimal. He responded to her aggressiveness by being passive by sitting quietly and not responding. He needs his job so he does not want to cause any trouble at work. His position at work was just as important as hers but he kept quiet.He plotted to get revenge which now made his communication style change to passive aggressive, but the idea of not doing anything without being told is not a positive outcome to this situation. There maybe an emergency where a patient might fall or become aggressive with staff and help is needed and if there is no one around to tell him what to do he might not help out. Gabbey (2013), â€Å"Aggressive behavior is intentional, meaning it’s done on purpose, violates social norms, and causes a breakdown in a relationship† (What is Aggressive Behavior?).Passive/ NonassertiveAccording to â€Å"The College of New Jersey Anti-Violence Initiatives â€Å"(n.d.), â€Å"people often chose nonassertive behavior to avoid unpleasant situations, tension, conflict, and confrontation† (Assertive, Nonassertive, and Aggressive Behaviors). Pamela the school nurses acted passive/nonassertive when she decided to do the work herself instead of confronting the volunteer. She could have saved time and money by placing her trust in the volunteers work and the accuracy of it. With this type of communication more problems arise. Her concerns and actions not only inconvenienced the students, it showed the volunteer that she did not trust her work.It  caused the school nurse to do more work which caused the school to spend more money. Speaking to the volunteer could have help avoid the discomfort of this situation. To see if the results the volunteer got were accurate she could have set in on one of the test. If the volunteer performed the job inaccurately, then she should have re-tested the students. If the volunteer’s performance of the test were accurate, the results could have been used faster and the students who needed glasses or hearing aids could have received them quicker. Her choice may have seemed right at the time she made the decision, but the outcome of it made her decision wrong.Assertive/ AggressiveIn this scenario both assertive and aggressive communication was used. Working in an ambulatory care surgical unit can be a controlled environment and at times an extremely busy one. Team work is essential to good patient outcome. Since Mabel was the granddaughter of the chairman of the board she felt entitled to do what she wanted to do. She used her aggressive behavior to boss her boss around. She felt that she could pick and choose the cases she scrubbed in on and she wasn’t going to work on the cases that required extra work.Her boss Rosa used her assertive behavior to explain that everybody worked as a team in the unit and everyone would use their strengths to make the work environment enjoyable and bring the best outcome for the patient. Being assertive is the best communication there is. You can effectively get your point across without hurting anyone’s feelings. â€Å"Because this style of communication addresses the problem in the situation, real problems get solved and stay solved.†(Hansten & Jackson, 2009, p. 282). Rosa’s assertiveness was a good way to let Mabel know that she was not intimated by her or her threats of serving her head on a platter.Aggressive/ AssertiveWorking in a busy Trauma/Surgical ICU emergencies happen frequently. Patients are very sick and with the emergency room real ly busy a lot of patients come to the ICU for resuscitation. I was receiving one of those patients and the emergency room nurse called to give report. In the report she said that the patient was receiving a blood transfusion and had two more units that needed to be given. I asked where the units of blood were, and she said she would bring them with the patient. I then informed her per policy the blood can come with the patient as long as they have been primed and are hanging. She said they didn’t have time for that because the doctor really wanted to bring the patient now.She told the resident who got on the phone and told me that he was bringing the patient now and that I would have to hang the blood when the patient arrived. I told him about the policy and he said he didn’t care. The patient arrived with the two units of blood lying on the bed. The attending arrived with the patient and told me to hang the blood. I then informed him about the policy and since I wasnà ¢â‚¬â„¢t the nurse to verify the blood I could not hang it. He screamed at me that I had to hang it or go get my change nurse. One of my co-workers went to get my charge nurse who he then told that I refused to hang the blood. I told her that we had just had our yearly clinical competencies and that per policy the blood should have been hung before the patient was transferred.I was not refusing but I was protecting my license. The resident was capable of hanging the blood himself. She then hung the blood for the patient. After the patient was stabilized, my charge nurse went to retrieve the policy. After reading the policy she shared the information with the attending and she apologized to me for the miscommunication. Monegain (2010), â€Å"An estimated 80 percent of serious medical errors involve miscommunication between caregivers when responsibility for patients is transferred or handed-off, according to the Joint Commission’.If the doctors would not have been so aggressi ve and communicated better the situation could have been avoided. We could have worked together to hang the blood. I could have shown them how to prime the line or the emergency room nurse could have accompanied the patient to the unit to hang the blood. The patient outcome was good and he eventually was discharged from the hospital.

How To Bulk Up And Gain Weight Essay

A lot of people will reach a stage when they want to bulk up and gain some muscle mass and the process of bulking up can be a frustrating one for many. The process of bulking up is pretty simple on paper but very hard to do in practice. With our expert advice, we will show you how to bulk up properly and safely. Always remember that although some people find it harder to bulk up than others, anyone can gain muscle weight with proper exercise and nutrition. You need to get to know your body type and this can only be done with some trial and error in the gym and the kitchen. Some people can just look at a weight and grow muscle while many people refer to themselves as hard gainers. In truth hard gainers will just have to eat more food to bulk up than non hard gainers which can be either a blessing or a curse depending on how you look at it. Hard gainers may find it harder to gain muscle but on the plus side they will stay leaner than most. Whatever body type you have the rules of bulking up are the same for everyone. You simply need to eat more calories than your body needs and you also need to perform heavy compound exercises. When you put it like this the whole process of bulking up and gaining muscle doesn’t sound so scary. The first, and probably the most important, rule of bulking up is that you must eat more calories than your body needs. Many people take this is a great excuse for gorging on junk food and eating whatever they feel like but I can tell you from experience that this will just make you fat. Unless you are using some kind of anabolic, you need to make sure the food you are eating is of a very high quality. This generally means cutting out all junk or processed food and eating lots of lean meat, complex carbohydrates, vegetables and good fats. The cleaner your diet is when bulking up the less fat you will gain and the better you will look at the end of it. It is impossible to lose fat and build muscle at the same time so you need to decide on your goal. If you really want to bulk up significantly you will have to accept the fact that along with some quality muscle you will probably gain a small amount of extra body fat. Notice I said small amount of body fat and this does not mean using t his as an excuse to eat junk food. Don’t freak out about this because when you gain muscle your body will look naturally leaner anyway and your metabolism will be increased meaning it is fairly easy to cut down your body fat. Most bodybuilders have bulking and cutting phases which athletes might refer to as an on season and an off season. You can bulk up for a couple of months and then diet down for another few months. Most people who go on to gain substantial muscle mass do several bulking and cutting cycles a year. Athletes involved in sports can use time during the off season to bulk up and cut down in time for the on season. Always remember that bulking up and building muscle takes time and you should not expect miracle results after a few weeks. The key to successfully gaining weight is to eat well, train smart and be persistent. Bulking Up Tips Lift more weight This one sounds obvious but if you are looking to gain size you need to train with fairly heavy weights. Ideally you should try and increase the amount of weight you lift each week. If you are getting stronger then that is a very good sign that you will soon get bigger. As a rule of thumb, if your strength goes up then you should find yourself getting bigger. Compound exercises When it comes to exercise choice you should always make sure you focus your workouts around the big three exercises, the squat, bench press and deadlift. These compound exercises will tax all of the muscles in your body and help you bulk up faster than any other exercises. If you do not include the big three moves in your exercise regime then you are seriously short changing yourself when it comes to bulking up. In terms of bulking up, squats and deadlifts are your best friend as they tax all the muscles in your body and release more growth hormone and testosterone than single joint exercises. Reps If you want to bulk up and gain weight then aim to perform around 8- 12 reps for most exercises. There is always debate over the number of reps you need to perform to gain muscle but to keep it simple you should use 8-12 reps for gaining muscle, 1-6 reps for getting stronger and 15-20 reps for muscular endurance. Avoid Cardio Cardiovascular exercise is great for your health but it will be your worst enemy when you are trying to gain weight, especially if you are a natural hard gainer. The problem with cardiovascular exercise when you are bulking up is that cardio burns off valuable calories needed for gaining weight. There is nothing wrong with one or two light cardio sessions if you are bulking up but most trainers would advise you to keep it to an absolute minimum if you are serious about bulking up. Eat More Food Food is the key to bulking up properly and you need to make sure you are eating regular and often. This sounds simple but can actually be a real chore when bulking up. You should aim to eat a protein rich meal with plenty of complex carbohydrate every three hours. This kind of constant eating can be fun at first but quickly gets tiring after a month or so. Whole foods are more important than protein shakes when it comes to bulking up so never ignore a good diet. The more consistent you are with your eating, the faster you will bulk up and see results. Aim to eat three or four solid meals a day and drink two to three protein shakes in between meals. I find it hard to stick to strict calorie counting and find that getting to know your body well though experience is the best way to determine how much you should be eating. Eat More Protein You need more protein than an average person if you want to build muscle. When it comes to bulking up, getting enough protein is essential. Some good protein choices when bulking up are steak, eggs, whey protein and chicken breast. Get More Rest In order to grow muscle and bulk up you will actually need to rest more than usual. Your body grows stronger and repairs itself when you are sleeping, not in the gym. Try and aim for about 9 hours sleep a night to improve your results. Don’t Over Train It is tempting to follow the 6 days a week training regimes that most muscle magazines try to sell you but unless you are taking steroids then these will quickly cause you to become over trained and will actually start to make you smaller and weaker. A natural bodybuilder shouldn’t generally train with weights for more than three or maybe four days a week at the most. What To Eat To Bulk up Nutrition can be a pretty confusing topic for someone who wants to bulk up and gain muscle but it needn’t be because the basics of bulking up nutrition are pretty simple. A good diet is one of the most important variables when it comes to bulking up and it’s something that you should think carefully about. In order to bulk up and gain muscle you should eat lean meats, dairy, vegetables, complex carbs and healthy fats. I have written out a list of the most important foods you should eat if you want to bulk up. Ideally you want about 30% of your calories to come from protein, 50% from complex carbohydrate and 20% of your calories from healthy fats.

Evolutionary Theory Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Evolutionary Theory - Case Study Example Numerous species have not been named and as such lumping of organisms together as belonging to the genus and species classes may be incorrect as the case in the repopulation program in the Islands of St. Kitts and the neighboring Island of Nevis. These two species of rodents appear to be identical in morphological features and that is the reason why they were taken to be of the same species. However, their morphological similarities have nothing to do their genetic makeups since the DNA (Deoxy-Ribonucleic acid) are quite distinct from each other. The differences in DNA can be explained through concepts of evolutionary theories of natural selection of stabilizing selection and diversifying selection    This is a type of natural selection that experiences genetic diversity decrease in a population that that is stabilizing. It has been argued that this is the most common way through which natural selection takes place. As such, the stabilization process employs negative selection which results in organisms with intermediate phenotypes being selected. In the case of the two islands, it is quite clear that the rodents from the St. Kitts Island underwent a stabilizing selection because their traits seem to be normal or not very much different from those of the rodents from the other island of Nevis. Probably, the two islands were connected and after a natural disaster like an earthquake, they became separated. It follows that those rodents that had intermediate phenotypes were selected over those that had extreme phenotypes hence the development of the new distinct species. Diversifying selection is used to refer to the exact opposite of stabilizing selection whereby the extreme phenotypes in organisms are naturally selected over the intermediate phenotypes. This can be explained by the studies done by Charles Darwin in the Galapagos Island with regards to the finch populations.

Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Article Example The research involved samples drawn from students taking introductory business courses in the two countries. They used matching laboratory experiments to match the reluctance to give bad reports to people from the two cultures. To operationalize face saving in a manner that is sensitive to culture, a blame shifting opportunity was put into operation. To obtain the results, the data was pooled to form a two by two factorial design, the independent variables being national culture and blame shifting opportunity. The reluctance to report bad news was used as the dependent variable. Findings: The results of the study showed that the blame shifting opportunity present (treatment) group had a tendency of believing that personal blame could be avoided for problems that were related to software development. The control group which were presented with no opportunity to shift blames shared not this belief. Research Limitations/Implications: Since the studies were conducted in only two countries each with its distinct culture, it may not be fully assumed that the results apply to other countries and cultures such as African countries. Practical implications: Different cultures perceive face-saving, blame and bad news differently. While some cultures encourage blame shifting, others do not. Depending on whether a culture is biased towards lian or mianzi, managers should learn to treat their tendencies towards face –saving differently. Value to Reader: The reader gets to appreciate the fact that different cultures have different perceptions on face saving when delivering bad news or failure. In the organizational set-up, this information helps when dealing with one kind of failure or another as people from diverse cultures will either accept blame or shift blame depending on their cultural biases. It was learnt that in cultures where lian is dominated by the mianzi aspect, negative reporting revolves around personal protection

Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Critique - Essay Example In this qualitative study, titled - Using a strategy of â€Å"structured conversation† to enhance quality of tutorial time the author Stephanie Robinson has proposed a specific approach referred to as â€Å"structured conversation† as an effective tool for improving the quality of tutorial time with regard to students with ASD. The article was published in the Journal of Further and Higher Education (Vol. 32, No.1 February 2008). It is an international peer-reviewed academic journal involved in publishing articles and book reviews concerning global issues related to the field of learning and education, especially those with learning disabilities (2009 [online]). The author is a lecturer and module leader for the PGCert.LTHE since 2003 and for the Brunel Associate Practitioner Pathway since. She is involved in various projects including providing further education particularly to students with learning difficulties and is focused on working with both the adolescents as well as adults with ASD. She has also been a part of a program dedicated to development and implementation of training for staff teaching children or adults with autism or Aspergers Syndrome (2009 [online]). Her credentials and extensive knowledge in the field of education (and particularly with regard to students with learning disabilities) establishes her as a worthy and suitable authority within the sphere of research concerning special education. In this article the author Stephanie Robinson, attempts to examine the â€Å"The impact of a technique of structured conversation to enhance a student-centered approach to tutorial time for students with autistic spectrum disorder† (2008., Pp.59) and suggests that the development of such an approach can offer enhanced learning support in the current challenge of widening diversity in the learner population. The purpose of the article was aptly

Written critique power point presentation Essay

Written critique power point presentation - Essay Example The effectiveness of a presentation depends on the strength of the topic and also on the usability of the subject in the daily life of the people. The current presentation is done by a Community Resource Division Administrator which increases the credibility and authenticity of the written articulation. A presentation performed by an authoritative person brings about true facts and information related to the specific subject. The effectiveness of the presentation lies in the fact that , there is a brief introduction and also a statistical data coverage about housing ,which enhances the informative potentiality of the presentation. The presentation also reveals statistics and minute details regarding housing facts and homelessness, which allow the readers to understand about housing on a local and national level. The presentation primarily elaborates on the actions and programs delivered by housing authority in order to stabilize public life, and this highlights the purpose of presentation. The presentation clearly reflects the authority of the organization and also effortlessly projects the strength and contribution of them to the society, which makes it more very effective to the readers. Brevity is the correct usage of words and phrases in writing which enlarges the outlook and uniqueness of a presentation. This presentation has words which are very effective, simple and understandable. The phrases used projects the right meaning intended by the writer and the presenter has used the words in a calculative way to communicate the subject and message of the presentation .The points in the presentation about housing is precise and concise and the words and grammatical representation is up to the point. The flow of words is consistent and the meaning is directly absorbable by the readers. However, more of simplicity in language, words and phrases can underestimate the richness and communicative ability of the writer or the presentation

Leading Learning Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Leading Learning Organization - Essay Example tions constitute the some of the active participants suffering from the leadership weaknesses both locally and globally (Razik, Swanson & Razik, 2010). The flat world presents several opportunities for the leadership to incorporate in establishing an effective program for managing the workers. The learning organizations are not exceptional, as they apply the flat world dynamics accordingly. These continued arguments constitute the contrast and comparison of the local and global challenges that impair the education and education leadership. The comprehensive teacher leadership institutes the process in which the transformation culture for leadership in the learning industry is still key factor. Included in the identification of the iconic images of the past teacher leadership roles is that the learning organization is moving towards understanding the compelling cases of the teacher to leadership skill, and basing on the current developments (Razik, Swanson & Razik, 2010). The continued effort to institute scaring developments in the teacher to patient relation focuses on the following core current conditions that continue to evolve accordingly. Further, the changing world of managing organizations reflects that the course of proposing and establishing top-down change is becoming less profession. The processes of adopting change constitute the leadership, which is less intense ad involved to develop a structure for the relations that teacher may hold. Further, the question of the conditional stereotyping from the old fo lks in the industry continues to institute challenging developments in the management of the learning organizations. The leadership, learning and procedures of implementing and managing change institute the position for establishing a united course for developing the education setting to succeed in the local conceptualization of the learning institutions (Razik, Swanson & Razik, 2010). Notably, the face of the country is changing, and so is the

History of money Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

History of money - Essay Example The function of money is identifying the value of a standard measurement of goods and services. Money is used as a denominator where one can express the measure of the value of a commodity. Money is also identified as existing through human convections. For this reason, human beings have the power to change the value of money or change it. It is in the nature of money that it is identified as being subject to fluctuations due to value with all other commodities that it may be compared to. Money is, however, more stable when compared to goods. This is because good’s value is related specifically to the individuals that demand the goods. Use of money is a measure of value for establishing the proportional value that could make it possible to equalize all commodities with this standard where it is accepted and makes the community and enables exchange.The nature of money is that all commodities, things, and objects are measurable by money. Exchange of goods and services for money occur when the parties reach a common ground for agreement on exchange basing the agreement on the idea of proportionality. The nature of money allows humans to reach an agreement that serves the needs of their intercourse and interaction although it might not be possible to for different goods to be equal.The nature and condition of transactions are dependent on the good and service that the buying party wants. Since nature requires equality, where unequal individuals receive shares unequally, the significance of money in the act of exchange is demonstrated

Writing A Critique -Patient and nurse accounts of violent incidents in Essay

Writing A Critique -Patient and nurse accounts of violent incidents in Medium Secure units - Essay Example They have researched and presented papers in similar topics before. They have appropriate professional qualifications and clinical experience to conduct a study of this type and magnitude and deliver this paper. There is an abstract included in the paper. It is structured, short and to the point, summarizing the study and the main findings. The abstract gives crisp information about the study undertaken, Ethics Committee permissions, the methodology of study and analyses. However, there is no mention of the outcome of the study. Infact, there is no proper conclusion in the abstract. The introduction clearly presents the background of the study. The authors have clearly elaborated the importance of studying violent incidents in a forensic setting. The purpose of the study is relevant and clearly stated. The latest articles discussing these issues, prior to the commencement of the study were studied and compared with. There is no research question asked in this study. This study is only an account of the violent incidents in a forensic setting. The literature review is up-to-date. It does identify the underlying theoretical frameworks. Literature review supports the objective of the study. It presents a balanced evaluation material supporting the proposal in the study. The objective of the study is to understand the nurses and patients perspective of violent incidents in the medium secure unit. The research questions asked in this study are: 1. "In what ways do patients and nurses describe violent incidents?" 2. What categories of analysis may be observed in their accounts? The methodology section clearly states the research approach to be used. The study design is that of qualitative research. This type of study was chosen to understand the subjective realities and to describe, interpret and understand the

Critique assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Critique - Assignment Example Getting everything into attention, although video games can be frightful and violent it should be remarked that it is not always necessary for art to take the form of world harmony and tranquility (Jenkins, 2000). Video games have for some time now been seen in a negative light, and people cannot overcome that many video games are powerful or prevent children from being active. Some people, however, appear to desperately trying to accuse video games of all the decadence morals seen in society. The truth remains that for a child to be negatively affected by a fictional game, and then the game is the only source of knowledge he or she gets. There are many children who can operate video games like mortal combat without becoming aggressive themselves. It highly on how their parents instilled their morals in them. As for children who are mainly affected by video games, they tend to emulate the actions they seen in violent games (Jenkins, 2000). This is as a result of parents either lacking much time or either the will to bring them up the way they would have preferred. These parents tend to shift the blame from their children and blame the video games. Video games keep a set cultural legality with several of the latest modes of art of the past and today. They can and should be regarded acts of art because that is what they are made up of. Video games are 3-D interactive paintings with color, shadowing, and essentially every principle that governs any hand created art. They affect our feelings while interacting with our insights as well, just as a video or art would. Moreover, would one not be at a position to call the inv entors of the games experts? They are certainly using their artistic skills and creations just as an artisan would to depict their vision to the public. Video games put various things in certain positions for some reason

The Hound Of The Baskervilles Essay Example for Free

The Hound Of The Baskervilles Essay Mr and Miss Stapleton claim to be brother and sister and as they live in Merripit House. These are some of the prime suspects as they lived right near Sir Charles- or now sir Henry. At first they seem pleasant folk although when Watson first meets them Mr Stapleton becomes distracted at one point and Miss Stapleton thinking Watson is Sir Henry Baskerville warns him at there first introduction. Go back Go straight back to London instantly This obviously makes Watson of both of them. Even though Holmes knew all along Watson only found out near the end when Holmes told him that Mr and Miss Stapleton werent brother and sister they were married, but Watson must have got the impression before hand because Sir Henry in the end fell in love with Miss Stapleton but every time they went to meet etc Mr Stapleton was always there. As we know Mr Stapleton killed Sir Charles with his hound and he nearly got away with it if it werent for Watson and Sherlock Holmes. Throughout this Miss Stapleton was helpless because when she was going to try and stop the killing of Sir Henry, Mr Stapleton tied her up so she was totally helpless. This creates suspense throughout the novel, as no one knows if they really are what they say they are. Mr and Mrs Barrymore were suspects in this as they were Sir Charles servants and Watson found out while he was staying with Sir Henry that Barrymore went to a room every few nights and gave a signal. In the end they followed Mr Barrymore and found out that the escaped convict on the moor was Mrs Barrymores brother and they were signalling to him so they could go out and give him food. Eventually the hound killed Seldon as he was mistaken for Sir Henry as he was wearing some of his old clothes Mrs Barrymore had given him. Mrs Laura Lyons father is Mr frankland but because she married without his consent he wouldnt have anything to do with her. Sir Charles and her were very close; he helped Laura and lent her money. Laura fell in love with Mr Stapleton though as she thought he wasnt married, he tricked her into saying to sir Charles to meet her at 10 oclock instead Mr Stapleton went there with the hound and Sir Charles died. A few clues were Sherlock Holmes and Watson got all this information from is from a missing boot which was used by Mr Stapleton to find Sir Henry on the moor because it had his scent, Talking to Miss Laura Lyons a lot and obviously there general Knowledge. In conclusion to Conan Doyles- Hound of the Baskervilles I think it was a good book with lots of ups and downs and a whole load of suspense and Dramatic Tension.

Careless Human Environmental Destruction

Careless Human Environmental Destruction For many reasons the human race could be called a blessing. Great advanced in technology, medicine and even the fact we are the most sophisticated species on the planet. Are we a gift to planet Earth, or far from it? With cast amounts of pollution and destruction of the planet, not to mention unthinkable acts of violence and hate that has been going on since the beginning of time. Are we really as sophisticated and important as we have led ourselves to believe? Are we any better than any other creature because we are more technologically advanced? Is the human race a blessing? Humans have destroyed and endangered more species on our planet than any other species or group, with our continuous pollution and lack of respect for out own environment. One area of the world affected by our careless habits is our coastlines and the marine habitats that vast amounts of species rely on. These particular areas of the world are being destroyed because humans dont seem to care as long as they make a couple of dollars in the process. Oil spills like the one in the Prince William Sound on the coast of Alaska and Hawaiian sea turtles and their many troubles with humans are just some examples of human carelessness and the consequences that the environment, particularly marine wildlife incur, which often are fatal. I chose this particular subject because I find the ocean and its unique and rare inhabitants to be interesting. Every coastline has its one unique species and no two areas are the same. I wanted to learn more about how humans are destroying the habitats of these unique creatures. I found that all species are in someway being threatened by human dominance and carelessness. From the common flounder or sea star you can find when you walk across the beach to a rare fish like the coelacanth (prehistoric fish that was believed to be extinct until one was caught off the coat of Madagascar by a local commercial fisherman until in the 1950s). The ocean can be a calm and loving but can easily turn into a vicious killer within seconds. All of these things are what I find so interesting about the ocean. I wanted to find out why people can continue to destroy it even though they know the effect of their actions. I guess some people are ignorant and just dont care if they destroy the things that m ake our environment so beautiful. One example of our careless destruction of our environment is the Exxon Valdez oil spill off the coast of Alaska in 1989. The Prince William Sound still shows signs of the oil spill tem years later. Most species have recovered since the spill, but many are still suffering. The Harbor Seal and herring are just two who are vital to the survival of all the species in the area. Herring are the main source of food for many species in the area, including humans. (Mitchell, p.98) The ecosystem is gradually recovering from the spill, says Molly McCammon, an Executive director of the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, but it will never be the same as it was twenty years ago. The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council was founded to oversee the use of nine hundred million dollars to the area by the government after settling with the Exxon Company for one billion dollars in criminal and civil damages. One serious problem in the aftermath of Exxon Valdez is the decline of herring. (The tabl e shows the chave in populations of Prince William Sound before and after the Exxon Valdez spill.) Even more disturbing than the fact herring arent recovering as well as other species like them is the fact they were on the decline before the accident. This was a major issue because herring are the center of the ecosystem in the Sound. Many biologists now believe that over fishing of the herring has contributed to their decline. The Pacific Herring is just one species of the area, but if you see how important that one species is to the ecosystem of the Alaskan coast than you begin to see how important all species are to their particular habitats. This is just one example, but if you take a species out of its environment, then a chain reaction would occur, hurting the species around it. Another species that biologists are beginning to study wit the money received from the Exxon Valdez settlement is the Alaskan Salmon. The oil spill has left the Alaskan Salmon on the decline until recently, but still the species is reeling. The last two years have been extremely positive for the Alaskan Salmon population, stated one Alaskan biologists. But her concerns were more focused on the salmon offspring, which had been effected by the spill. Fry, as seen in the left vial, were damaged by the oil. The fry still come in contact with oil when oil pockets seep into some intertidal spawning streams. These pockets are like mines, says Jeffrey Short, a scientist with the National Marine Fisheries Service. Scientist discovered the oil caused genetic defects in salmon. Many species in the Prince William Sound are still recovering from the spill. This is just one spill and you can see the devastation it has made upon its ecosystem. This has been called one of the worst oil spills in his tory. But you can imagine there has been numerous spills that are almost as areas might never fully recover from the spill on their ecosystem. The devastation of an oil spill is just one of many causes of marine destruction that humans are guilty of. Many other species suffer from damaged habitats. Another example of humans destroying their environment and the unique species that live there is Hawaiian Sea turtles. The turtles are becoming endangered because of loss of habitat. The overwhelming presence of humans in the turtles habitat is making is harder for turtles to find areas where they can lay their eggs. The loss of nesting sites if hurting the reproduction of sea turtles because unpopulated beaches are becoming harder to find. Sea turtles have an affinity for certain beaches and when they cannot lay their eggs there they have to find new areas which can take time. Other reasons why the turtles are being threatened are pollution of the ocean and netting. Pollution in the form of debris is killing turtles. They can ingest the plastic debris and it makes it hard to get the nourishment needed from the food they eat. Netting is another killer of turtles. Fishing nets set out by commercial fisherman are a definite killer of sea turtles in the Hawaiian Islands. (http://www.tur tles.org/marines). Erosion of beaches also hurts the sea turtle population. The lack of beach force turtles to lay their eggs in a smaller area. When humans try to stop or reduce erosion it disturbs the turtles even more. Sea walls, canals, jetties, and sandbagging are all things that are used by humans to stop erosion, but they are hurting the turtles more than they are helping them. They need dry land in order to lay their eggs and these structures are deducing land even further. Fibropapilloma Tumors are a serious threat and are beginning to show up on turtles in Hawaii and other areas with large numbers of sea turtles. They were first seen in turtles around 1930, but it wasnt until 1980 that the tumors began to show up in epidemic proportions. The green turtles were the only known species to have the tumors, but it has recently been discovered in other turtle species. The most effected areas of the world are Hawaii, Florida, and Australia. (http://www.turtles.org/threats.htm) All of these threats to turtle population are hurting their hopes of survival. But people out to help the sea turtles such as Denise Parker who works with a marine turtle program in Honolulu, Hawaii, have worked hard and the population of marine sea turtles has actually been on the rise in recent years. The turtles population is coming up from endangered and threatened to a safe number, but that isnt far enough for many who care about the turtles. They continue to help increase the population because they know they would begin to decline again if they didnt have any help. Many groups such as the Marine Turtles Research Program and the National Marine Fisheries Service are helping to restore the turtles in Hawaii. There are also many individuals whose work with the sea turtles have helped in preserving them and their natural environment. One of these people is Ken Nichols. Nichols is a supporter of turtles and he is trying to make the people aware of the environment in the Hawaiian Is lands. He feels that the most important thing we can do is conserve the wilderness and beaches from expansion. We need to educate people about the turtles especially children. When asked about how we can save the environment and the habitat of turtles as well as other species Nichols said, This is obviously a difficult task as the human population continues to grow, which means we are constantly expanding into wild areas which support bio-diversity of all types. I believe the greatest task is education of children and more efficient use of the existing areas we are using. These two ideas, are good examples of how the human race destroys the environment around them. We continue to hurt our wildlife, but there are people out there to fight against the pollution and destruction caused by large corporations and businesses. The Endangered Species Act of 1973 has helped tremendously in the battle for survival of species like the turtles in Hawaii as well as other threatened and endangered species of out planet. (http://www.fws.gov/r9end.com). This act prohibits the further destruction or death of the species. By the Endangered Species Act, citizens of the United States are prohibited from taking an endangered or threatened species, declared by the U.S. Fish and Wilidlife Service, from its environment whether on United States soil or in its waters. Punishment if caught breaking the lwas instead in this act are as follows; 25,000 dollars if caught violating the rules listed above, 12,000 forknowingly participating in the importing or exporting of such species . Any person who otherwise violates any provision of this Act, or any regulation, permit, or certificate issued hereunder, may be assessed a civil penalty by the Secretary of not more than $500 for each such violation. (http://endangered.fws.gov/esa.html) Although this act is a great step towards the restoration of threatened and endangered species many feel the act isnt worth the money. A proposed amendment to the Endangered Species Act threatened many aspects of the project. The proposed amendment was an attempt to undermine the project of funding and political support. The amendment to section 403 of the Endangered Species Act would literally wipe out many of the endangered species protected by this bill. The sea turtles of Hawaii wouldnt stand a chance if the amendment would have passed, said supporters of the Endangered Species Act and endangered species around the world, We cant just let them take back what we have worked so hard for. Shrimp nets alone kill 55,000 turtles a year in the Hawaiian Islands. (http://www.turtles.org/threats). If the Endangered Species Act is undermined where will these endangered species turn? Some senators who support the amendments to undermine the act are back in congress for a second term and many feel the amendments to the Endangered Species Act will be brought up again and re-voted. (http://www,turtles.org/threats). Senator Slade Gorton was one supporter of the bill to undermine the Endangered Species Act. Are these accusations of inhumanity and lack of care for nature completely true about Senator Gorton? On Senator Gortons web site (http://senate.gov/~gorton), he shows his compassion for nature. A letter thanking him for his help on saving trees and several streams in his home state of Washington from the Sierra club was one such article bringing up questions of whether he was so bad. Others seem to think otherwise, but it is hard to tell without actually knowing him or all his work. Many other laws and acts have been implemented to stop the decline in population of many endangered and threatened species. One it the Marine Mammal Act, which protects the many species in our oceans. The Clean Water and Clean Air acts were also adopted to help protect these endangered species from human threats. One example of how humans have hurt many different species of animals is pesticides, especially the pesticide DDT, which was used in World War II to keep insects away from soldiers. After the war, the pesticide was brought back to the United States and used very carelessly. DDT seeped into the streams and contaminated almost every species that ate fish or other animals that had been infected with DDT. From the contaminated fish the pesticide went up the food chain and began killing off the bald eagles. After the substance DDT was nationally banned in 1973 the bald eagle has begun to make a comeback like most of the other species affected by our carelessness. (Discovery, The Bald Eagle). Just because the Bald Eagle is the symbol of our country does that mean we have more of an obligation to protect it than the sea turtles? Hopefully we will be able to stop the amendments one more time, but if they are made what will happen to the animals that depend on it? We have the obligations to protect these animals. We have placed them in this situation and it is our fault many of these species are endangered today. We cannot continue to let them slip away if we can do something about it. Many organizations are trying to keep these laws in place. Others who feel that our money should go to more worthy causes, even though we personally are responsible for the decline in many species. I think we need to support the laws that are in effect as of right now and try to get better funding for the organizations that are already in place. We dont need new laws, we need to support and help fund the ones we already have. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is one of the big organizations that helps protect the endangered species as well as helping to educate and fund other small organizations that can do their part as well. It may not be easy to get funding for programs like the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, but we can achieve this goal if we work hard. A good example of how we can help to preserve our endangered wildlife is we can implement a tax that will provide money to these programs. We can add a tax to companies who contribute to the destruction of our environment. For example, if a company produces pollution they should be forced to pay a tax. We can place a standard tax for all companies and corporations who do this or we can base the amount owed by the amount of pollution or amount of destruction caused by the corporation on the environment. For companies that we are unable to tell how much exactly contribute to the destruction of the environment, we can require a base sum. A starting base sum could be five hundred dollars a year for all the companies who contribute to the destroying of the Earth. We can assemble a committee of U.S. Fish and Wildlife agents to assess the amount of pollution a company produces and then a fitting cost for that pollution. It might take a little while to put this proposal into effect. If we anticipated the slow advancement of passing the law in congress it would take six or seven years to implement this law. It wouldnt take a lot of money, but definitely some money would be required. It would take several thousand to advertise if it wasnt donated by a company who felt strongly about the issue at hand. I would think an estimate of about $500,00-60,000 dollars would easily cover the expenses of advertising, salaries for workers and any other expenses. Donations and fundraisers would be used to accumulate enough money to get the support of the people. When I discussed my proposal with my friend, she felt that it was a good idea and that the organizations like the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service need the money to study and set up programs to save endangered species and these programs need money. She felt it would be hard to get the bill passed because congressmen have ties with big corporations that pollute and they wouldnt have to pay fees. So most likely the proposal would be stopped. Although she didnt see the bill being passed she said that if we accumulate enough money to advertise and get the support of the people, congressmen would be forced to vote for the bill or they might not be reelected. If she has strong feelings about this subject, Im sure the majority of this society is concerned about the environment and about our future. We need to try and get funds for programs and organizations that help endangered and threatened species. Many organizations rely on donations and money from supporters. We need to find ways to get more money for these programs and the proposal of taxes on companies who pollute is just one possibility. Everyone contributes to the destruction of the environment and we all have to do our part to help the species we are killing off. Species like the Pacific Salmon, who were threatened by the Exxon Valdez oil spill of 1989. As well as other species like the sea turtles in Hawaii who were on the verge of extinction until a recent turn around because of help from organizations and individuals. Individuals who take the burden upon their shoulders and make it their business to make up for all the people who could care less what happens to their environment. We need to protect our environment form the people who seek to destroy it for money and success. I think the beauty of the ocean is worth saving. Every creature and every unique species is a creature worth saving. We dont have the right to kill those who arent as smart or sophisticated as us. They have just as mush right to the Earth as we do. We dont have the right to over fish herring in Alaska or cut down all the trees in rain forest s just for money and the profit these resources create.

Youtube The Best Way For Advertisements Marketing Essay

Youtube The Best Way For Advertisements Marketing Essay Most businesses have no idea and how to present their video in front of the hold world people. So, YouTube is the most essential tool. This is because YouTube is the best way to enhance the products and services of company through video advertising and video tutorial. YouTube advertising is an online advertising which can let firm post up a lot of video to advertising their small company product and information because this online advertising system is very cheap with another advertisement. Those videos will show to all people in the world who have online in YouTube. The internet researchers can upload and watch their advertisement video and tutorials on the internet for free. Nowadays YouTube is a great new approach to promote business. Through the advertising of video in the YouTube, it can quickly present our new ideas and new services in front of people who able to use YouTube. Then the video tutorials are the fastest way to help people to understanding our business. Second, it c an introduce our company to help building a bridge between us and client through the YouTube advertising. Furthermore, video advertising in the YouTube also can help to promoting new proposals and announcements of companys product and services to every client. But it also has some disadvantages. For big business, the owners need to pay a higher fee to promote their products. Then the advertising of the business will clearly to show out in YouTube. YouTube promoted video is easy to control and upload. At the first, the business owners have to create their video promotion. For example, they have to choose one of promoted video and write some promotional text or contents, and tell them which keywords should be trigger our promotion. Then the second step is launching your campaign. For example, the business owner can using their keywords, then the video promotion will now appear next to contextually relevant search results. The third step is get more views and pay only for results. For example, when the YouTube viewers click on your product promotion, they will see your video. So, you only need to pay when people click to see your video. But it also has some disadvantages. This YouTube advertising is poor campaign management when promoted any videos. It also has some currently limited features. Blog advertising Blog advertising is an e-commence system which can make selling and buying advertise space easy. This Blog advertising will share out to all internet users who has use Blog to do online shopping and show opinion. This blog advertising will be able to accept all advertisement type because this blog have offer the largest variety of advertise units. This e-commence system has a lot of benefit to users. This blog advertising is free. The advertisers dont have to pay for hosting and domain registration fees. So, the advertiser can save their money and no need to do another expensive advertisement such as Television advertisement, Newspaper advertisement and magazine advertisement. Moreover, this online system will be automatic updates the advertiser profiles. The business man can use the blog to advertise their own company products and content on their site. Then the business man can choose their available advertise sizes. So, advertiser can focus on building their blogs traffic and content. The advertiser can use the blog advertising to develop their company goal and objective. Moreover, they also can do some promotion in blog. Blog advertising can easy provide online credit card and PayPal payment to advertisers. Then, the advertisers can easily pay the fee of advertising. Blog advertising provides the 24 hours per day advertise performance reporting and statistics. Besides that, it also can display advertisement with rotating advertise versions. This online system can help to provide a simple and effective advertise formats to every searchers. Then, this blog have a comment space to all searchers and advertisers. So, the advertiser will be able respond all question and feedback for searcher. It also has some disadvantages. The advertisers cannot monetize their blog because all the advertisement is controlled by the internet owner, then the advertisers are not allowed to display their advertisements. Moreover, this online advertising has limited storage spaces and limited design. In Google advertising we can found Google have two type of advertising method such as Google AdWords and Google AdSense. Google nowadays are already become a first search tools on internet. Google featuring is the most excellent web search. Its including a list of Image search, Current news, User group, online sales, Government document and Article research. When using Google to searching company product you can type the value turn of phrase into Google search box then we can quickly find the answer. Besides that, Google is without charge to use and the result is according from most popular or least popular. In Google AdSense is it a dominant advertising instrument is due to the detail that the advertising it displays is designed to create a center of attention to the buyers on the websites which are place on. For an example, an online shop sells cloths for a company. In this way, the buyers wants buy new and their favorite cloths or other country fashion cloths, they can search by online and also can order. Google AdSense also despite of how big or small your companys website is, and how you can gross by using this websites advertising methods. Google AdSense also can make you got a rewarded based on how many times your advertisement are clicked on by the visitors. If the submission keeps follow of each click then totals them, and deposits to a related sum into the bank and account to your record with them. By this way, if a company having without to put forth much effort at all, your website can gross profits. Which company is using Google AdSense, it will become an elegant marketing plan such as, exposure which means a millions people over the world who can found out about the companys products and services through this advertising. This will be sure to increase interchange to company site and company sales. The second is extra earnings which can let you get extra income as more people begin to click on your advertising. For hits the target enlarges, the benefits from AdSense advertising are gain to the company. The third is control. This function is simple to set of connections on company website and permits some control over what websites are advertised on your site. By using filters, for example, you can make sure that competitors do not use your website space to advertise their advertisement. Well, Google AdSense also easy to sign up. It is because the online application for signing up only need fill some details of the person and it is a free application. Facebook advertising already become an online sells in websites. Nowadays, company can specifically target the advertisement placement system. The site has massive a list of individual information of nation as well as age, gender, address, likes, dislikes, marital status, employment information and the live stream of present significances. This means Facebook has a lot of power to target the nation see the product. For this advertisement, we can choose the located by selecting a very detailed information of a customer profiles. Well, by this function, we can reach the target from the consumer are more directly and more easy to get the increasing of profit for company. As we can know is Facebook advertising can save more expenses. For example, a small company wants advertise their product with less expensive fees, they can choose Facebook advertising. It is because best and easy method. You just need sign up an account and create your advertisement, therefore it become a less expensive advertisement method. Besides that, this advertising method has a greater elasticity as 135 characters of a long word limits on the advertising and elasticity to decide on content. In this advertising method, we can add on the image of products and we also can put up advertising according to our daily advertisement budget. The way to promote is create a Facebook page of business and provides with the newest details and updates about the products to the consumer. This also becomes a greater and more direct for consumers to search. Facebook also have a good benefit of using like features. One of the advantages of advertising on Facebook is Like or Fan characteristic which provides the means for word of mouth marketing via news feed. For example, if any user likes your advertisement, then it will become a broadcasted to all of his/her friends who have subscribed to his/her news feed. So if you netting one of the consumers through an advertisement, you have the opportunity of net a lot more. In between, its also a goods and suitable for an online business. Its can find out an income from getting out to the customer of a precise geographical locations and individual profiles. As long as the experience of invitation can let you reach the word about newest offers provided by your business.

The Raw Power of A Streetcar Named Desire Essay -- Streetcar Named Des

The Raw Power of A Streetcar Named Desire      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Tennessee Williams's play A Streetcar Named Desire contains more within it's characters, situations, and story than appears on its surface. As in many of Williams's plays, there is much use of symbolism and interesting characters in order to draw in and involve the audience.   The plot of A Streetcar Named Desire alone does not captivate the audience.   It is Williams's brilliant and intriguing characters that make the reader truly understand the play's meaning.   He also presents a continuous flow of raw, realistic moods and events in the play which keeps the reader fascinated in the realistic fantasy Williams has created in A Streetcar Named Desire.   The symbolism, characters, mood, and events of this play collectively form a captivating, thought-provoking piece of literature.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A Streetcar Named Desire produces a very strong reaction.   Even at the beginning of the play, the reader is confronted with extremely obvious symbolism in order to express the idea of the play.   Blanche states that she was told "to take a streetcar named Desire, and then to transfer to one called Cemeteries".   One can not simply read over this statement without assuming Williams is trying to say more than is written.   Later in the play, the reader realizes that statement most likely refers to Blanche's arriving at the place and situation she is now in because of her servitude to her own desires and urges.   What really makes A Streetcar Named Desire such an exceptional literary work is the development of interesting, involving characters.   As the play develops, the audience sees that Blanche is less proper and refined than she ... ...st into a reality which is not his own, yet somehow seems familiar. This realistic fantasy Williams creates with his brilliant use of symbolism, intriguing characters, and involving action in the play causes the reader to connect fully with the setting, characters, conflicts, and emotions within.    BIBLIOGRAPHY    Adler, Thomas P.   A Streetcar Named Desire: The Moth and the Lantern. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1990    Kernan, Alvin B.   "Truth and Dramatic Mode in A Streetcar Named Desire, In Modern Critical Views: Tennessee Williams."   Ed. Harold Bloom.   New York: Chealsea House Publishers, 1987    Quirino, Leonard.   "The Cards Indicate a Voyage on A Streetcar Named Desire, In Modern Critical Interpretations: Tennessee Williams's A Streetcar Named Desire."   Ed. Harold Bloom.   New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1988   

Elizabeth The Film Essay -- essays papers

Elizabeth The Film Theme of the Film: How Elizabeth managed to gain the throne through turmoil, and then maintain it through even greater conflict and opposition. Greatest Surprise of the Film: The attention to detail and the symbolism employed to make the story richer than any other period piece. The script was also very well written, and very well paced making the movie much more enjoyable to watch because it was interesting and did not drag. Historical Characters Prioritized: Elizabeth I, Duke of Leicester, Sir William Cecil, Walsingham, Duke of Norfolk, Mary Queen of Scots, and the Vatican, various potential suitors to Elizabeth I. Understanding Clarified Which Would Not Be Achieved Through Reading Alone: Elizabeth’s political struggles greatly affected her personal life. Being a passionate woman did not make this easy, and she was forced to give up much, even love, for her rule and her state. Summary: The film Elizabeth is set in 1552, mid sixteenth century, when a shift in power is about to occur in the British Empire. The daughter of Henry VIII and one of his many headless brides, Elizabeth was not only outcast because of this, but because of her protestant religious beliefs and affiliations. Her half sister Mary, along with her sister’s husband Philip II of Spain, ruled the English Empire at this time. They were both strict to the catholic faith and when they felt the threat of their protestant relative. They had her arrested and brought to the Tower of London for interrogation, and hopefully a confession of treasonous heresy. But in a turn of events, Mary dies without giving way to signing Elizabeth’s death warrant. Suddenly a â€Å"protestant heretic† is upon the throne of England. So Elizabeth I, of the house of Tudor, begins her rule of the English Empire on a wobbly footing. With the likes of the Duke of Norfolk and up even to as high as the Vatican itself, plotting against the new Queen, and Elizabeth’s personal endeavors complicating her rule, Elizabeth must choose wisely in her actions so not to lose her throne or her head. Biding by the advice of her trusted counsel including her lover, the Duke of Leicester, Sir William Cecil, her only real father figure, and her advisor and bodyguard Walsingham, Elizabeth tried to bring her rule and her state to order. In the end, Elizabeth has to give her love and he... ... film good. 3. Results? A great script, concentrated direction, brilliant lighting and cinematography, etc. all helped make the film very good. But the core of this film is definitely the emotion. The acting was wonderful and the story was nothing short of great. These were the hearts of the film. Recommendations for Future Use of this Film: This films gives amazing insight into what royalty have to go through. It was informative about the religious struggles in Europe in the sixteenth century, as well as the overall fight for power the throne causes. The film brings much attention to the idea of corruption and betrayal, especially those you very much love and trust. The film focuses on the idea of sacrifice. Elizabeth had to sacrifice her own personal life in the end in order to secure her rule and remain queen of England. She symbolically cut her hair and became â€Å"The Virgin Queen,† deciding to never again let man or romance get in the way of the throne. Did she truly want to do this, or was it just a necessary evil? All that we are told is that she remained at the throne for another forty years after this film ends, and that her rule is considered England’s â€Å"Golden Age.†

The Use of Dramatic Irony in Sophocles Oedipus the King Essay

The Use of Dramatic Irony in Sophocle's Oedipus the King Tragedy as an element of the human experience has been the subject of many of the great works of literature written in the Western tradition. For some, tragedy embodies the highest form of humanity. It is through suffering that we are able to reveal ourselves most completely. Others see tragedy as an element of morality where we are to learn well the lessons of those who tempt the gods. The Ancient Greek philosopher, Aristotle, outlined a theory of tragedy as archetypal drama in his classic work, the Poetics. He uses the play by Sophocles, Oedipus the King (hereafter "Oedipus"), as the standard model by which all other tragedies are measured. In Aristotle's view, a perfect tragedy should not be simple, but rather complex in its action. It is the degree of complexity of the tragedy, the true increase in the amount of suffering that the heroic character has to go through, that intensifies the use of this device. The truly tragic figure will go through the play experiencing grad ually increasing amounts of knowledge which reveal more horrible details. At each revelation, the audience has already been made aware of the tragic event so it is prepared and waiting for the hero's downfall. To achieve true tragic circumstances, a clear reversal of fortune is required to occur to the main character. This reversal of fortune, above and beyond negative events, will then garner feelings of pity and fear in the hearts of the audience. As Aristotle states: The change of fortunes should be not from bad to good, but, reversely, from good to bad. It should come as a result not of vice, but of some great error or frailty, in a character either such as we have describe... ...is destined to marry his mother after defeating the Sphinx. The audience, however, long familiar with the ancient myth, is mindful that in solving the riddle Oedipus further condemns himself. These choices lead to the ultimate climax where Oedipus blinds himself and wanders the earth as punishment for his actions. The lack of knowledge of his fate combined with the audience's total familiarity with the myth provides for the greatest differential between knowing and not knowing. Dramatic irony, used throughout the play to emphasize the power of fate, is ultimately used as the closing statement of man's frailty in the face of infinite justice. Works Cited Aristotle. Poetics. 12 July 2005. http:classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/poetics.mb.txt Gwynn, R. S. Drama: A Pocket Anthology, Second Edition. New York: Addison-Wesley Educational Publishers Inc, 2002.

Life Cycle of Bacteriophage

Life Cycle of Bacteriophage. Bacteriophage: Bacteria eating virus is called bacteriophage. Life Cycles: There are 2 types of lifecycles that occur in the bacteriophage: 1) Lytic Cycle 2) Lysogenic Cycle 1) Lytic Cycle: In lytic cycle, virus that is the bacteriophage causes lysis of the host cell. It is virulent phage. 2) Lysogenic Cycle: In lysogenic cycle, the bacteriophage does not cause lysis of host’s cell. It is avirulent phage. Lytic Cycle. Landing, Penetration and AttachmentTo infect a cell, a virus must first enter the cell through the plasma membrane and (if present) the cell wall. Viruses do so by either attaching to a receptor on the cell's surface or by simple mechanical force using tail fibers. Attachment is done with the help of receptors. Control The virus then releases its genetic material (either single- or double-stranded RNA or DNA) into the cell. In doing this, the cell is infected and can also be targeted by the immune system. This relation is called maste r-slave relation.Biosynthesis The virus' nucleic acid uses the host cell’s machinery to make large amounts of viral components. For DNA viruses, the DNA transcribes itself into messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules which are afterwards used to control the cell's ribosomes. The first polypeptides that are translated destroy the host's DNA. In retroviruses , an enzyme called reverse transcriptase translates the viral RNA into DNA, which is then translated again into RNA. Assembly New viruses are formed by the assembly of the different parts of the virus.After approximately 25 minutes, 200 new viruses are formed. Release Bacterial cell burst and the newly formed viruses are released from the host cell. Now, they are ready to attack new bacteria. Lysogenic Cycle. Landing The first step of lysogenic cycle is landing of the virus on the host’s cell. This is done by tail fibers. Attachment It is done with the help of receptors present on the surface of the bacterial cell wall. Penet ration For the penetration the tail fibers of the bacteriophage secrete special enzymes for the lysis of bacterial cell wall called, â€Å"lysozyme. Then by the contraction of tail fibers and sheath viral DNA is injected into bacterial cell. Incorporation Viral DNA after penetration becomes incorporated (inserted) into bacterial DNA. This state is called prophage and this relation is called â€Å"host-guest† relation. Bacterial Division Bacteria divides and the daughter bacterial cell receives the viral DNA. These bacterial cells having viral DNA are resistant to viral attack. Induction During lysogenic cycle when viral DNA detaches from bacterial DNA, and take control over bacterial DNA. Now, lytic cycle begins.

Behavior Therapy

Two hypotheses, stimulus-response and stimulus-stimulus theories, explain the working of classical conditioning. Stimulus-response holds that a link to unconditioned stimuli is created with conditioned stimulus in the brain however, conscious consideration is not involved. Secondly, stimulus-stimulus has to do with mental activity, whereby conditioned stimuli are linked to the unconditioned stimuli notion.Stimulus-response (S-R) theory involves a behavioral psychology hypothetical structure which argues that man plus other creatures may be taught to link a novel stimulus (conditioned stimulus- CS)with some pre-existing stimulus (unconditioned stimulus- US), and may feel, respond, or feel the CS as though it were really the US. It argues that animals may be taught to link some SR, like a bell, to upcoming entrance of foodstuffs, leading to some apparent behavior, like salivating (http://psychology.about. com/od/behavioralpsychology/a/classcond. htm). Stimulus-stimulus (S-S) theory arg ues that some cognitive element is required to comprehend classical conditioning. It argues that animals may salivate after the bell since it is linked to th3e food concept. Operant Conditioning Theory Operant conditioning involves using effects to alter the type and happening of conduct. Operant conditioning differs from classical conditioning in that the former tackles alteration of intentional (operant) conduct.Operant behavior functions within the environment; it is controlled by its effects. On the other hand, classical conditioning tackles the habituation of respondent conducts that are drawn out by precursor situations. Conducts conditioned through classical conditioning process are not controlled by effects. Punishment and reinforcement may be negative (removed after a reaction) or positive (given after a reaction), thus creating 4 basic effects, the fifth being extinction (no consequence alteration after a reaction).Reinforcement consequence increases the frequency of occur rence of behavior. Punishment consequence decreases the frequency of occurrence of behavior. Extinction signifies absence of effects. If behavior proves inconsequential, having neither unfavorable nor favorable effects, it occurrence becomes less frequent. If previously strengthened conduct ceases to be strengthened negatively or positively, the reaction reduces. Positive reinforcement happens when a constructive stimulus follows a conduct, thus increasing the frequency of the conduct.Negative reinforcement happens when the withdrawal of aversive stimuli follows a conduct, thus increasing the frequency of the conduct. Positive punishment (punishment through conditional stimulation) happens when a negative stimulus follows a conduct. Negative punishment (punishment through conditional withdrawal) happens when the withdrawal of a pleasant stimulus follows a reaction or behavior. Social cognitive theory It suggests that parts of a persons knowledge gaining may be directly linked to wat ching other persons through social contact, experiences, plus external media pressures.It remains a knowledge hypothesis that argues that persons learn through observing the activities of others plus that individual though procedures are vital in comprehending personality. Despite the fact that the learned conduct obtained from the surroundings persons grow up in significantly influences development, cognition equally influence ethical development. Persons learn though watching others as mediated by the surroundings, cognition, and behavior. Social cognitive theory stresses a huge disparity between a person’s capacity to exhibit moral competence and performance.Moral competence refers to possession of the capacity to depict ethical behavior. Moral performance refers to adhering to individual moral behavior ideas in particular circumstances. The theory emphasizes learning or knowledge gaining though watching models. Observers do not anticipate punishments or rewards; rather, t hey anticipate similar results to their imitated conduct. Within education, instructors act as models in children’s knowledge acquisition. Learning most probably happens when an observer-model intimate identification occurs and when observers have adequate self-efficacy beliefs.Such beliefs act as vital proximal factors for human effect, action, and motivation, which control action by cognitive, effective, and motivational intervening procedures. Identification permits observers to sense a one-on-one linkage with the model. Observer are thus more probable to attain such replications if they feel they have the capacity to adhere to the imitate actions. Considering many factors (cognitive, social, and environmental) is the simplest way of displaying ethical development. The inter-linkage of such factors offers additional insight regarding morality.Behavior Therapy Techniques Key interventions to behavioral therapy were developed from functional analysis which tackles issues lik e couple relationships’ intimacy, couples’ forgiveness, continual pain, persistent distress, depression, substance misuse, obesity, and anxiety. Even issues commonly encountered by therapists, like client struggle, involuntary clients, and busy clients, have been tackled through functional analysis. Third Generation Behavior Therapy entails a group endorsing radical behaviorism and functional analysis and opposing cognitivisim.It involves: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT); Behavioral Activation (BA); Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy (CBASP; Functional Analytic Psychotherapy; Dialectical behavior therapy; and Integrative Behavioral Couples Therapy. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy is founded on Relational Frame Theory. Functional Analytic Psychotherapy is founded upon functional analyses of therapeutic relationships. It focuses on therapeutic contexts and reverts to using in-session reinforcement.Behavioral Activation came from a constituent scrutiny of cognitive behavior therapy. It is founded upon a corresponding reinforcement model. Integrative Behavioral Couples Therapy analyses the discrepancies between rule-governed and contingency-shaped behaviors. Such analysis is merged with a comprehensive evaluation of couples’ association. References Wagner, K. V. (2009). Introduction to classical conditioning. Retrieved July 6th 2009 from, http://psychology. about. com/od/behavioralpsychology/a/classcond. htm

To Kill a Mockingbird- How Maturity Affects the Characters

When growing up in today's world, people must face the many challenges of maturing. Whether it is physically, emotionally, or mentally, every person matures individually. In the novel To Kill A Mockingbird, the court trial of Tom Robinson matures three main characters in the book. They learn what growing up is all about. Jem, Scout, and Dill are the most affected by the trial and all matures throughout the book. Jem specifically matures throughout the process of the Tom Robinson case and learns a positive lesson from the trial.After seeing the unfair way Tom Robinson was treated, Jem wants to protect and care for people no matter their age, skin color, reputation and personality. Jem also learns a few lessons from Atticus regarding the judgement of others. At the beginning of Chapter 25, His sister Scout is about to kill a roly-polly bug, Jem stops her and she asks why, Jem responds, â€Å"Because they don't bother you. † (Lee 320) This quote relates to when Atticus teaches Sc out and Jem about the importance lesson of not to kill a mockingbird because they do not harm anyone and sing their hearts out.Jem takes this lesson, the way Tom Robinson was treated just for his skin color, and uses it, as a result of becoming more mature and sharing the lesson with Scout when stopping her. Atticus teaches his children very well about the meaning of treating everyone equally no matter what they hear from the people around them. Scout is who she is because of the way Atticus raises her. Scout learns from Atticus through the Tom Robinson case what can happen  when you lose hope and courage. During the second half of the novel, courage is portrayed by all blacks and Atticus as he fights for the case of Tom Robinson, but Tom Robinson has lost all hope.Scout is devastated by this but also learns bad things can happen when you lose hope and courage. Atticus is the first to teach Scout this important lesson, he says, â€Å"real courage is when you know you're licked be fore you begin but you begin anyway and see it through no matter what†, he continues by saying, â€Å"You rarely win, but sometimes you do†. (149) Scout learns how courage is important through Atticus and Tom Robinson's case, and this is an important aspect of growing up and maturing. While Scout and Jem are maturing quickly because of Atticus's influence, Dill Harris, the outsider of Maycomb County, matures urely but slowly when is exposed to the Tom Robinson case.He still shows child-like aspects such as crying uncontrollably at the injustice of Tom Robinson being treated so differently from the white witnesses. He also shows signs of maturity when Tom Robinson's trial is in action. Scout claims that Tom Robinson is just a Negro, therefore it does not matter all that much, Dill responds maturely and says, â€Å"I don't care one speck. It ain't right, somehow it ain't right to do ‘Em that way. Hasn't anybody got any business talking' like that, it just makes me sick. (266) Dill sees Tom Robinson for the mockingbird he really is. Jem,Scout, and Dill all learn lessons that impact their life and affect their maturity. A few of these lessons are learned from the Tom Robinson case. Learning to not judge people for what they hear, taking responsibility, and learning right from wrong are all a part of growing up, they do just that. It might be challenging, but courage and bravery bring them through it. As long as it may take, everyone grows up in one way or another, whether it is physically, emotionally, or mentally.

Customer Service Essay

1. The key concepts and topics in this course that have made me a stronger candidate to continue in the business world would be what I have learned from the units dealing with: Diversity, Customer Behavior, Customer Loyalty, and Exceptional Service: I have learned that customer comments, good or bad should always be taken into consideration, addressed and handled appropriately. Comments can provide insight to the thought process of the customer and it could help improve not only the customer service department but the product as well. The success of a company relies on the customer. Relationship Building and Solving Customer Problems: Satisfied customers will remain customers until there is a better option offered to them. Loyal customers establish an emotional connection with a business and/or company. Their loyalty is motivated by their experience with the products and the service. Customer service is what a company or business provides; customer loyalty is the result of the service. Extraordinary approaches to customer service is to go beyond the customer’s satisfaction, and make every attempt to surpass the customer’s expectations every time. A company earns customer loyalty by molding the shopping experience to the needs of the customer. Customers have a tendency to patronize companies that interactive with them in a positive, meaningful, personal manner. Many companies offer their customers loyalty programs such as; reward programs. This method can ensure a company keeps their current customer base and entices possible new customers. The Impact of Communication Styles on Customer Services:  A business cannot afford to lose customers because of a lack of customer service, but many do. Customers remember how they are treated and pass the word along, good or bad. Once a customer has been treated poorly they are likely not to return to buy from that business again, even if that business has what they need. When customers are satisfied, it is probable that they will spend more on the product or service and keep returning to that business. Customer service representatives (CSRs) play a big role in keeping, and bringing customers to a business. That is why it is essential to train customer service representatives in effective communications styles and skills because they are the liaison between the customer and the business. The CSR’s communication skills can impact the decision of a customer’s loyalty and the right communication style can be helpful in avoiding conflicts. Communication styles are methods in which a particular individual converses with another individual. Great service requires effective communication styles, and skills. Having a combination of these elements will guarantee that the right message is conveyed in a way that ensures the customer receives and understands it correctly and as intended. 2. Discuss how this course has affected you in your professional development as a student and as a person as well as encouraging you on your academic path. This was a very beneficial, educational and informative class. I have chosen the legal  field, more specifically, paralegal studies. I currently work for a bankruptcy law firm and I have learned a great deal since I have been employed there. I have 30 plus years work experience and a great work ethic. With what I have learned in this class, my work ethic, and common sense, I believe I will be successful as a paralegal. I have learned the importance of maintaining professionalism. This class has reinforced my desire to continue in the legal field and has helped me in interacting with clients, co-workers and the attorneys I currently work with. My skills in listening, communicating, observing and relationship building have improved by taking this class. I would recommend a class in customer service, regardless of the professional field one decides to enter into. I believe it would be very insightful and valuable.

Has Realism got the big things right Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Has Realism got the big things right - Essay Example In relation to international politics or international relations (IR), realists are of views that states are the main actors reflecting the actions of the world. The states are meant to be sovereign actors thus meaning that there would be no other actor or regulator above the decisions of the states. All other organizations are hence supposed to follow the rules and regulations set by the individual states. The activities of different states lead to inter-state relations. According to realism, the nature of humans tends to be selfish and thus when the concept of international politics is concerned, it represents a struggle between the different states, each trying to make the most of their own interests Realism in relation to politics reflects the study and practice of international politics. Generally it discusses on the roles of the different states in a nation. It also assumes and makes statements on the states being concerned with their national interests and hence are carried away by these interests towards their individual actions. Thus according to realism, all states are concerned about their individual status in the world politics as well as their territorial reliability. Besides these, according to realists, the interests of the states may vary depending on their needs and circumstances. As far as neorealism and classical realism is concerned, there are certain differences between the two concepts. While classical realists are of the view that the reasons for international conflicts and wars are the imperfect behaviors and nature of the societies or the individual states, on the other hand, the neorealists have their belief in the anarchic system of international relations. According to the belief of classical realists, the state is considered to be more advanced against the entire system, while the neorealists believe that agencies hold greater space in the system than the states. Neorealists are of the view that the individual states act as unitary actors, on the other hand, classical realists make a distinction between powers of the status-quo and revisionist powers. Another difference between the neorealists and classical realists is that neo-realists make efforts to put up a more thorough and methodical advancement to the study of international relations, profou ndly predisposed by the â€Å"behaviourist revolution of the 1960’s while classical realism confine its analyses to subjective valuations of international relations† (Pashakhanlou, 2009). Realism and International Relations: Considering the relation of realism and international relations, there are four fundamental assumptions that realists have made for the international relations. Firstly, they assume that â€Å"the state is the most important actor in international relations† (Realism, n.d.). This reflects that the most important role in these states is that of the individual governments,

Choose a topic Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Choose a topic - Research Paper Example long-term capital investments.  As many companies require credit and loans from banks to sustain the  business practice so if the payments are not made then the businesses tend to fail (Baily & Elliott, 2013). An individual gets affected of US Financial market crashes. It affects an individual as companies suffer losses, and they reduce benefits like health care and insurance. Moreover, due to low-income people will not be able save as they need to meet  daily expenses (Baily & Elliott, 2013). Answer 2: Primary role of Federal Reserve System is to provide the citizens of United States with a safer, flexible, as well as stable flow of monetary benefits. In the current economic condition, they have effectively participated reducing unemployment by introducing large-scale intervention that created money for them. The role of Federal Reserve Chairman is to protect the economy of United States against inflation and determine businesses in order to boost the economy, testifying twice a year and steering the FED to solve financial matter through consensus. In order to protect economic environment, the chairman of Federal Reserve can make monetary policy, supporting the economy by checking inflation. The role of Federal Reserve Board has the main role to devise U.S monetary policy and making key decisions at Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC). With respect to current economic condition, the board supervises the banking performances that affects the economy and most importantly as President of United States need to take approval from the board relating to financial, agricultural or industrial interests so they require to carry out effective decisions (Alessi & Sergie, 2013). Answer 3: The interest rates have an affect the United States when the prices in the Federal Reserve Board are fluctuated. Interest rate is basically the charges the lender take for lending money if there is lower interest rate people will have more money spend creating a ripple effect through

Business Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business - Personal Statement Example ven in cities, people have entrepreneurial ideas and may have finances for establishing businesses but organizing resources into a sustainable organization is a challenge. Human resource management is the most significant of the challenge as most organizations lack skills on essential aspects of the management branch. Understanding the need for effectiveness in recruitment, selection, training, development, and retention of employees, for overcoming these challenges, has therefore influenced my interest in human resource management for competence that I can use in my business and to help other organizations. Interaction with one of my cousins is another motivation into business school. His life demonstrates success, not only in his career, but also in his social and political initiatives. He has been able to attract and retain high profile friends, who are also an asset during his moments of need. In addition, he easily influences people around him into his development initiatives an d he attributes the potentials to his competence in management. My passion in business has existed since my childhood. I admired business people and as a child, would simulate running a shop, and even befriended a shop owner for an experience of occasionally helping in his shop. This modeled my academic interest and I was biased towards business education and mathematics. I maintained focus in the two subjects and excelled in them, a factor that develops my confidence into business school because of significant background information. My career and academic goals also support my choice for a course in business school. I plan to establish and run a Human Resource Management Consultancy firm and to be a part time lecturer in the same field, and a human resource management course will establish a basis for my future academic pursuits into the goals. Social entrepreneurship is my other objective that has influenced my desire to join business school. My experience with my family and with

College Algebra Unit 3 DB Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

College Algebra Unit 3 DB - Assignment Example In the underweight category, in which BMI is 18.5; the height is 69.6 inches. This is established as shown below: This is done to all categories. H in the normal BMI is 59.997 inches, in the overweight category, 54.75 inches, in the obese category the height is 54 inches, and below. The actual height of Angelina Jolie is 5 foot and 8 inches. This is equal to 68 inches since 1 foot is equal to 12 inches (Smith et al., 2005). This makes her placed under the category of underweight. This category ranges from 70 inches to 60 inches (after rounding off 69.6 and 59.997 to the nearest whole number). Her height should be ranging from 54.75 inches to 59.997 inches for her to fall under the normal weight status. The difference in calculations and actual figures may occur due to rounding off to the adjacent full number. The timing may also matter such that, she might have gained or lost some weight from the time the data was collected to now. In summary, Angelina Jolie falls in the category of underweight based on the facts and

Digital Marketing Strategies to promote Fashion Antidote Website Essay

Digital Marketing Strategies to promote Fashion Antidote Website - Essay Example The essay "Digital Marketing Strategies to promote Fashion Antidote Website" discusses digital marketing strategy to be used by Fashion Antidote. Fashion Antidote Facebook page is a well-established fashion company that has many customers both in the field and in online. The group has the feeling that Fashion Antidote needs to upgrade its website and especially their Facebook page to be able to be at purr with current fashion trends. As well, with increased innovation at the fashion school, there is need to expose all these to customers so that the company can grow. This means that if Fashion Antidote Facebook page has a fashion show or unique fashion taste it wants to share, the Facebook page is the best way to share all these. Understanding the concept of digital strategy in this case is very vital if a good strategy must be developed. Digital strategy is that overall approach that a company takes after making a decision that they want to invest in online business in order to achie ve their goals. It can involve building the reputation of the business online especially with the focus of being a leader in the area of business. This can also extend to overarching digital strategy of a business in order to migrate the major sales transaction from online to offline. In the development of such a strategy, a company is required to have one major goal as opposed to numerous goals even though there is no much restriction in this. For the Fashion Antidote Facebook page is to be able to capture the latest fashion trends.

Dress Code in School Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Dress Code in School - Research Paper Example in Kraft, 2003). Are you a liberal? Are you a conservative? Whatever be your political leaning, or personal belief, I am sure every one of you will agree with me that school safety is of paramount importance to society. The provision of a safe study environment takes precedence over self-expression. In these days of unequivocal liberalism, when the least hint of curtailment of individual rights is immediately condemned as authoritarianism, I defiantly stand here before you in support of a uniform dress code in schools. I am aware that many of you will equate a uniform dress code with the stifling of creativity and the freedom to self-expression. But this is a very simplistic way of looking at the issue. The school is the primary and most crucial factor in the educational process of an individual. It is here that the moral foundation and intellectual capabilities of the child are built up. Schools must be differentiated from society at large, and special rules applied here. In this co ntext, it is crucial that the school environment is totally focused on learning, and all extraneous factors are eliminated. ... This factor is of great significance in keeping students under secure supervision. Conversely, uniforms make is easy to identify any trespassers on school property. This is a very effective safeguard against the entry of anti-social elements into the school campus and the disruption of discipline. School uniforms eliminate the possibility of ignorant students inadvertently wearing gang colors, or other gang related items of clothing, and being exposed to attacks by opposite gangs as a result of this. The use of gang attire is completely eliminated on campus. The uniform does away with badges of gang identity, such as aggressively painted jackets, bandannas, or chunky jewelry. Expensive and fashionable clothes are often the cause of inciting less privileged children to resort to theft and violence. In the same way, emphasis on fashionable dressing may lead to competition among students and result in violence. School uniforms as unequivocally â€Å"competition reducing† (Kraft, 2003). In some cases, fashion accessories and clothes are used as weapons or as a means to conceal weapons. (Paliokas, n.d.). The use of hooded sweatshirts, as a deliberate way to avoid detection after acts of vandalism in school, is a pointer in this direction. It is clear that school safety justifies the implementation of a uniform dress code. Self-esteem is a major issue for all school-going children. American school reports show that â€Å"students base the worth of peers on the kinds of clothes that are worn but distinctions in worth were not noted when the entire school population was dressed in uniforms† (King, 2002. qtd. in Kraft, 2003). The major link between self-esteem and clothes is the fact that clothes emphatically proclaim income disparities, and become the basis

The analytical essay of the movie The History Boys Assignment

The analytical essay of the movie The History Boys - Assignment Example The essay explores the dramatic elements, theme, and meanings of the film, specifically for four main characters, Hector (Richard Griffiths), Irwin (Stephen Campbell Moore), Dakin (Dominic Cooper), and Posner (Samuel Barnett). Their sexuality produces inner conflicts that intersect with outer conflicts with social norms, norms that the basic institutions of society, specifically schools and religion, define and control. The dramatic action is the pursuit of knowledge in education and life and the changes that come from â€Å"knowing† and â€Å"becoming.† The theme of the film is that the purpose of education is to not teach what is known, but to help students know the unknowns about their society and their identities because this mindset makes them critical of knowledge and truth and sensitive to the vast gender and knowledge imbalances in society. Dramatic action occurs through the action of characters on their inner and outer conflicts about their identities and their knowing of the purpose of education to their identities. Education is supposed to help students and teachers learn what they do not know yet, so that they can become whole individuals. The through action of Irwin is that he changes because he learns that as a teacher, he should not forget his own personal growth. After Dakin and his friends learn that they all passed their respective university entrance tests, he confronts Irwin and offers an indecent sexual proposal. Dakin makes a strong remark on how different Irwin is as a history teacher and as a man because he is more confident and more of a risk-taker as a teacher than as a gay man (Cusack & Hytner, 2006). Irwin is clearly struggling with his gay identity, which he seems to be ashamed of. After the sexually-charged confrontation with Dakin, however, he becomes more spontaneous with his identity, when he rides with Hector on the latter’s motorcycle. The riding act means that Irwin is no longer ashamed of his identity be cause the purpose of education for him is to learn who he is. Dakin has action through understanding that he does not have to know his exact gender to be comfortable with himself because gender and education are both fluid complex processes in life. When he talks to Irwin about the sexual tension between them, Dakin underlines that he is not completely gay: â€Å"I'm not, but it's the end of term; I've got into Oxford; I thought we might push the boat out† (Cusack & Hytner, 2006). Dakin’s main conflict is his rigid sense of heteronormativity, which involves the validity placed on heterosexual relations. In reality, he struggles with his bisexuality. Both Irwin and Dakin are unravelling their sexual identities that they have repressed, and it is their education about sexuality that releases them from the bondage of heteronormative gender norms. Hector and Posner have the same gender conflicts, being gay in a world of masculine education. Posner struggles with his sexual ity that he does not want to control, while Hector struggles with his sexuality that he wants to control, but prefers not to because of his justifications that they are mere sexual baptismal rites. Posner confesses to Irwin that he is gay and in love with Dakin, and that he does not want his gay sexuality to be a phase (Cusack & Hytner, 2006). His inner struggle is more connected with his sexual insecurity because of his social circumstances. Posner is aware of the prejudice against gay people: â€Å"