Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Society - Essay Example As a result of exceptional scientific innovations, it can also be asked that whether the human beings will be able to maintain a balance between the two. It can be said that the ever gaining pace of scientific research and technological production is the main root of moral dilemmas prevalent in our society today. Looking at the condition of our society, it is essential to discuss the ethical situation as compared to the speedy progress in the field of technology. Humans have always been highly acute when it comes to methodizing themselves  into a social system and in this way human race has always strived to achieve the best of a governing authority. In an ideal society, ruling class should have the highest interest in the population it governs and people’s interest ranges from smallest needs such as food, protection and clothing to higher elaborated needs as power and wealth. Now, if it is closely observed, all the concerns in people’s heart are ignited by a common motivation; a motivation to achieve happiness and peace of mind. Therefore it can be said that in an ideal society, people should be given the right to acquire the happiness and mental satisfaction that they desire. However, it has been evaluated that an unrestricted reproduction rate of any civilization or society will be a hindrance in the path of an ideal society. Therefore, in my opinion, any society that is over populated cannot be rated as an idealized society; thus a controlled ratio of citizens that is necessary for the society to be self-sustaining is a must. In a balanced society, equilibrium should be maintained where every citizen contributes equally as a vital source. In this way, a true sense of unity and belongingness will prevail within the society and its members. Such a society can prove to be an ideal base for a stronger society where better moral, ethical and social conditions exist. However, due to the fast paced

A Climate for Change Essay Example for Free

A Climate for Change Essay General Motors has been through some difficult times the past ten years or so and appears to have learned some hard lessons. Based on these lessons, General Motors has begun to adopt a strategy of restoring profitability to its North American operations, by aggressive marketing, redesigned products, adopting to new Human resource strategy and a profit rather than a market share goal. Since this assignment is on strategic human resource management, I will be concentrating more on GMs Functional Strategy in HR, which played a major role for GMs success. General Motors Human Resource Management Most companies do not view the HR department as a strategic business partner or as an indispensable part of the organisation (Terri Kabachnick, 1999). By analysing executive assessments, they usually show merchandising, finance, or marketing in the top spot when each departments value and contribution to the companys success as perceived by the company are rated. HR inevitably ranks last, coupled with loss prevention. Traditional HR departments within large, multi-national corporations tend to be powerless with the logistics of managing processes across many departments spanning multiple countries. In addition, GM, like other multi-nationals, has multiple HR groups one at the corporate level and additional ones for each business unit within the corporation. These HR groups typically do not have a central repository of information and lack a coordinated communications infrastructure. As a result, the HR processes of large, multi-national corporations generally are redundant and inefficient. In addition, the sheer number of third-party vendors used by an HR department to handle discrete functions makes management of the process challenging. By necessity, these departments predominantly have focused on administrative functions and typically dont have the time or the resources to devote to strategic planning. At the same time, many are facing a dramatic reduction in resources, and cost-cutting efforts primarily have focused on reducing staff, rather than re-engineering service delivery. A Climate for Change: While many businesses flourished during the boom years of the 1990s, GM, like other U.S.-based automakers, struggled to maintain the status quo. During those years, GMs market share continued to shrink as a steady stream of consumers bought cars from its Japanese, German and Korean competitors. When Wagoner took over as president and chief executive officer of GM in 1998, he knew the company had to change its approach to manufacturing and selling cars or it would continue a downward spiral and eventually lose its place as the worlds pre-eminent automaker. Wagoner set into motion an effort to reorganize and rebuild GM from the inside out. One of Wagoners primary objectives was to refocus and revamp the companys HR department. Wagoner thought HR is paramount to GMs reorganisation effort. If they were to hire, train and keep the best workforce possible, then it must have the best and most up-to-date HR practices possible. While the change in HR is just one element of making GM a more globally focused and competitive company, it is a key element. GM has always been a very siloed corporation with all of its different divisions functioning like separate companies. There have been numerous reorganisation efforts at GM, and most have not fared well, because of the turf battles and independent nature of GMs divisions. However, GM appears to be taking a different approach. Focusing on HR and making it a key element in the reorganisation effort, which GM has never really attempted before. One real challenge has been the effects of change on one large organisation which has set itself to comfort,so to get GMs management team to completely buy into the strategic role for HR was a task in itself. Middle management, however, has been a different story, they were more resistant to change than their managers. But, the effort is under way, and senior-level executives are well aware that it is an evolution not a revolution and therefore will take some time. The key to making the evolution work, is to find the points of resistance and to try to make them understand the need for change. And if they continue to resist then personnel changes should be considered.as the cost is quite big to barter. I personally feel that the approach which GM adopted, provides a best fit to its work environment and structure.

Herald :: Essays Papers

Herald The Webster’s dictionary defines a herald as an official at a tournament of arms with duties including the making of announcements and the marshaling of combatants. This simple definition just barely scraps the surface of what a herald actually is. The office of herald has changed immensely over the centuries, as they became more dignified figures in the chivalrous world. The earliest record of a herald just mentions him as a messenger in war. He was a medieval officer in charge of carrying messages to and from the commanders of opposing armies. As we will see, this simple office turns into a complicated job that is still around in today’s society. In the twelfth century, the herald’s job grew to consist of announcing and conducting tournaments. This included announcing the proclamation of each joust and the name of each combatant. It became essential for the herald to be able to recognize the arms of the local nobles and thus become familiar with their family lineage. This ability became useful in combat, seeing how the heralds could recognize the opposing armies’ leader from the coat painted on his shield. The shield was the obvious place to paint the coat of arms since it had the largest surface area. With this knowledge of the different coats, one of the original roles of heralds was to identify and catalogue the arms of the men who had gathered at tournaments. Thus, heralds made a living by the perilous favorite sport of the nobility. Throughout the thirteenth century heralds began to serve nobles on a more permanent basis. They even wore the coat of arms of their master. Then, in the fourteenth century, heralds achieved an established position and were dignified figures in the chivalric world. Heralds of this century were acknowledged experts in armory and in all matters of secular ceremony. These ceremonies included displays of jousts and tournaments, in the judgement of prowess, in the ceremonial attire of coronations and in knightings and funerals. Officials in tournaments even trusted heralds with the vital task of deciding whether or not a contestant had a valid claim to knighthood. Their job also included recording promotions to knighthood on the eve of battle, and to search after it was over among the dead to note the names and arms of those who had shown prowess in the field.

Is Grendel Evil? Essay -- essays research papers

In a world of chaos, he who lives, lives by his own laws and values. Who is to say that the death of millions is any worse or better, for that matter, than injuring a cockroach. And in the case of an existing power in the form of God, who is presumed to be all which is good, presiding and ruling an organized universe, why then does evil exist? The prosaic response of â€Å"without evil, there is no good† no longer holds any validity in this argument as the admitted goal of good is to reach an existence without evil. So even if a God does exist, I think it is fair, at this point, to say that he is the embodiment of both good and evil. And if humoring those who would answer the previous question with the response that there can be no good without evil, then can we assume that evil is simply a subsection of a defined good? Or perhaps even a good thing? If it is essential, those who chose the side of evil are simply abiding by good values. In the case of a world ruled by Chaos, ev il is a non-existent word or value, rather. The system upon which a person’s actions are judged also disappears leaving nothing but an instinct for natural survival as basic and primary as the life within the forests which we tear down to build our houses. Ethics is a wide field of philosophical study to which the core of every question within falls to one side of a blurred line. On the right, is good; the value which is popularly believed to be the correct alignment for which a person should live their life according to. On the left, is evil; that which is the cause of most human misery, and prevents peace on earth. In John Gardner’s book Grendel, the retelling of the ages old story Beowulf, further blurs the line between good and evil. Circumstance and perhaps a confused view of reality allow the monster, Grendel, to conceivably defend his evil beliefs. In order to better understand evil, using Grendel as a guide, I intend to attempt to justify it. Grendel is born a neutral being, perhaps even good, but nevertheless, without hate. The transition which he undergoes to become evil is due to misunderstandings between himself and humans and also meeting with a dragon who is questionably evil. As a young â€Å"monster†, Grendel knew nothing other than the cave he lived in and his mother who could not speak any distinguishable language. He was a playful creature who seemed to be like a â€Å"bla... ...orals is an act of creation. A religious act. Murder and Mayhem are the life and soul revolution†¦   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The essence of good in evil is contained within this speech given by Red Horse. That which should be, will come from revolution. The people will fight for what they consider is the truth and if certain morals or institutions stand in the way of that, they must be torn down. The reason for destruction is to actually create anew what is better for existence. This is what I believe the old man is trying to say. That sheer brutality, and that which is considered evil, is the only way to achieve change and therefore a newer, better way of life. It is a concept which sounds harsh and uncompromisingly hurtful to those who are on the opposing end, but it is actually similar to sociology's conflict theory. Without conflict, and therefore the resolution of conflict, there can be no change. Without change, life remains stagnant and in the same cycle of trading one man’s pain for another man’s happiness. Therefore, without evil as a means to achieving good, the world would remain a constant struggle without advancements of living and without advancements of life.

Progresso You Gotta Taste This Soup Essay

Progresso grew from an Italian Import Company to a Quality Soup Company with an Italian Heritage. The company seal and name Progresso (meaning â€Å"progress† in Italian) was designed to communicate the vision of progress, a cornerstone of the Progresso philosophy. The first Progresso soups were taken from real family recipes; made with the same ingredients and in the same way as the homemade soups. In 1949 Progresso introduced the first canned ready-to-serve soup in America and has grown to become the No. 1 ready-to-eat soup brand in America by using quality ingredients. Progresso continues to build on its rich history of flavorful products that delight the consumer. Gender & Age: Their commercials appear to target both men and women – mostly women. Those who are middle aged as opposed to teen and younger or senior citizen and those who are looking for something that is nostalgic and from their past. The reason I think they appeal mostly to women is because their message is positive and focuses on how it can improve and help a women’s life. They involve them with the brand and tell stories that resonate with females. One commercial shows a woman in a wedding dress calling to tell the Progresso Soup kitchen thanks for the help to achieve that goal. When the kitchen asks when’s the big day, she says â€Å"Oh, it was years ago, but the dress still fits! † Education & Income: I’m assuming their education levels are higher than high school as many of the commercials show people who are in offices or nice home settings which would mean their income is more middle class as opposed to lower or upper. ? Ethnic Group: Their company history can be traced back to Italy. Their soups like Traditional, Classic and Rich & Hearty all suggest a homemade flavor like Grandma’s. One commercial shows a woman in an office calling the kitchen asking if she can talk to her Grandma. They tell her she’s in the garden picking herbs to which she says, â€Å"She’s so cute, I’ll hold. † In 2010, Progresso stepped up its emphasis on superior taste with the rollout of World Recipes soups and the first four are Mexican-inspired flavors. Psychographics: I think the customers Progresso is reaching out to are Thinkers, Achievers and Believers. All three of these have similar qualities; conservative, focus on family, tradition. Thinkers and Achievers look further for functionality, value and brands that demonstrate success to their peers. One commercial shows how a soup with fiber doesn’t have to compromise good taste making it convenient for consumers to get more fiber in their diets while enjoying a wholesome, satisfying meal. Believers also favor American-made products and here’s where I think Progresso’s packaging is effective. The can colors are blue, the lettering is mostly white and their Progresso banner resembles a flag and has red trim – what is more American than Red, White & Blue? Benefit Segmentation & Usage: Progresso focuses on the advantages their customers receive rather on the characteristics of the customers themselves; mostly weight loss and receiving fresh ingredients. One commercial shows a guy calling to ask if the clams are fresh in his Clam Chowder soup. The kitchen â€Å"connects† him to the boat to talk to the captain. ? Product Positioning Progresso Soups have almost 50 flavors from which to choose and seven categories, each targeting a different market segment: Traditional, Vegetable Classics, Rich & Hearty, Reduced Sodium, Light, High Fiber and World Recipes. Their biggest attribute is their endorsement from Weight Watchers. They are the only soup endorsed by Weight Watchers. As for their competition, they show contrast by showing their soup is for grownups and it’s better than condensed soup (Campbells Chicken & Stars). They show different uses for their soup by creating recipes that can be found on Pillsbury. com or WeightWatchersOnline. com. Their price/quality relationship is shown when their commercials show whole, fresh vegetables going into the top of the can and their tagline over the years has been â€Å"It’s time to go to the better taste of Progresso. † Their product user is targeted, I think, to those who are looking for their past weight. Progresso Soup is a sponsor for The Biggest Loser and they hold contests for people who’ve lost weight using their product to receive makeovers. One lady who won said she had to â€Å"get my life back† and this was easy. Many of their commercials suggest that one will lose weight by eating Progresso. One shows a woman calling the kitchen to say her husband has been eating their soup and now looks like he did 20 years ago. Not only that, he’s wearing the clothes he wore 20 years ago and when the other can phone rings it’s him to say, â€Å"Relax and enjoy the view! † The funniest part, he’s wearing clothes from the 70’s complete with tube socks. Another is when a lady calls the kitchen to say she’s been eating Progresso and now her favorite old jeans fit. It’s easy to see that there are many benefits when eating Progresso Soups; as they said in their commercials from the 80’s, â€Å"P. S. I love you. †

Project Implict Essay Example

Project Implict Essay Example Project Implict Essay Project Implict Essay COWLEY COUNTY COMMUNITY COLLEGE Project Implicit Hidden Biases 11/15/2013 Unbiased: not having or showing an unfair tendency to believe that some people, ideas, etc. , are better than others : not biased 1: free from bias; especially : free from all prejudice and favoritism : eminently fair 2: having an expected value equal toa population parameter being estimated (Webster) Hidden Bias Tests measure unconscious, or automatic, biases. Willingness to examine your own possible biases is an important step in understanding the roots of stereotypes and prejudice in our society. Hidden Bias Tests measure unconscious, or automatic, biases. Your willingness to examine your own possible biases is an important step in understanding the roots of stereotypes and prejudice in our society. (Project Implict) Learning about your hidden biases help you discover what things you may not be comfortable with. Hidden biases and prejudices can open up surprisingly influential underpinnings to all the decisions we can make in the future. Its important to discover and uncover your hidden biases so they can be overcome. I feel there are important steps to take to overcome biases so you can become a better eader in general. Leaders are aware that the unknown haunts every decision. Leaders are not paralyzed by the unknown. They are energized by decision-making opportunities, and, at the same time, they are humbled to be decision makers to be difference makers. Gerome) After reading this statement I really think these great leaders took the initiative to discover all hidden biases and have overcome them with strength. To be a good leader, it is imperative that you overcome the biases that haunt your past so you can make good decisions for the future. A good way to nitially uncover some unconscious and hidden biases is to take Project implicit Hidden Bias Test. Its a series of fourteen tests that determine if there may be some hidden biases. After completing these fourteen tests myself I was completely stunned, I dont Know IT 1 1 eve rytnlng I was seeing, out It was aennltely an eye opener. People of similar thinking often pool together, like raindrops that make a puddle. I feel like some of the people close to me have some of these ways of thinking, and it was almost instilled in the way I think, even if I covered it up and truly didnt think I felt this way. Bias and prejudice often have been something someone has told you, or that you heard. Theyre not always an original thought but one you have picked up. It may have been adopted recently, or a long time ago, and the older it is, the trickier it may be to overcome its influence. Scientific research has demonstrated that biases thought to be absent or extinguished remain as mental residue in most of us. (Edited by George AP) Every day we make decisions, leaders or not leaders. Some are small, domestic, and innocuous. Others are more important, affecting peoples lives, livelihoods, and well-being. How we make these decisions can depend on our bias. Decisions can be made quick, and unconscious , thats where the problem can come in. When you have hidden biases that havent been discovered furthermore, hasnt been overcome these inappropriate decisions as a leader can cause a lot of problems down the road. Biases such as gender perceptions can cause a lot of hardships in the workplace. If one gender is favored over the other, the one being favored isnt going to be as motivated to be a team player or comply to expectations and can hurt the company a lot. After completing the Gender Career IAT (Implicit Association Test) my data suggested a light association with career and female with family compared to female with career and male with family. I dont know if I was truly surprised with the results. I personally do work as a female and have had leadership roles in the workplace. Growing up, my dad worked 5-7 days a week; while my mom worked as a professor, but only worked minimal hours a week and took care of us. I do work but spend a lot of my time at home taking care of the kids and house duties. Some people are much more inclined to be assertive and lead than others and that is not gender specific. To be a good leader, you have to be a good team player, and nor is that gender specific. Qualified, hardworking Americans are denied Job opportunities, fired or otherwise discriminated against Just because they are lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or their gender in general. The Employment Nondiscrimination Act is legislation proposed in the United States Congress that would prohibit discrimination in hiring and employment on what sexual orientation or gender of the employees. The act provides basic protections against workplace discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation or gender dentity. Ann-racism includes beliefs, actions, movements, and policies adopted or developed to oppose racism. Ann-racism is intended to promote an egalitarian society in which people do not face discrimination on the basis of their race, but defined society in which people do not face discrimination on the basis of their race. After taking the African American European American IAT my data suggested a slight automatic preference for European Americans to African Americans. This did and didnt surprise me. I was raised in a predominantly white society. My school idnt have very many multicultural peers, nor did my neighborhood. Now that Im older some of my best friends are African American. The election of our first African American president has sparked debate over how far we have come as a nation on Issues 0T race. t I Is one against tne law to nlre Oue to race, gender, or many otner spectacles. After stepping back and really analyzing my results, and previous Jobs, I dont think that I showed any preference for one race to another. I hired accordingly, and the opportunity for any race was equal. To be a good leader, you must be equal to all people. People are much more willing to give of themselves when they feel that their selves are being fully recognized and embraced stated the CEO of Apple. Embracing peoples individuality is a basic human dignity and civil right. It also turns out to be great for the creativity that helps many businesses. When people feel valued for who they are, they have the comfort and confidence to do the best work of their lives. To be a good leader, and run a company your employees have to be motivated to make it to the top. I understand people are different and have different ways of looking at situations and making decisions. I believe there are some aspects of leadership that everyone should take into consideration when leading a group of people. Leaders should never show favoritism. Being a leader means giving praise to everyone. Motivation is the key to the success of an organization. If a leader gives special privileges to some people and not to others, then the leader loses the respect of some people who could play a vital role in an organization. After taking all of the ATs I realize how I do have hidden biases, that I never realized existed, and have a lot to work on if I want to become a successful leader. Leaders should try to remain unbiased to make good decisions for the organization as a whole. Unbiased leadership is the most respected. People look up to those who lead because they want what is best for the organization, not their own personal life. Being in a leadership position sometimes means making unpopular decisions to better the organization. Leaders who make decisions based on their personal opinions or to benefit themselves are not truly leaders. Biased leaders need to grow up and take responsibility for their organizations because the decisions they make affect more eople than Just themselves. A good leader has many defining characteristics. Qualities of an effective leader include active listening, decisiveness, and the ability to inspire others to own a shared vision of the future. To be inclusive means to include and respect all views, not Just those that feed one particular standpoint. It is challenging to be unbiased, and we all have lenses through which our worldviews are filtered. However, an extraordinary leader cannot afford to be biased. Edited by George AP, C. S. (n. d. ). how to overcome unconcious and hidden bias. Retrieved Novemeber 16, 2013, from wikihow: wikihow. com/overcome- Unconscious-and-Hidden-Biases Jerome, D. (n. d. ). Dr. Jerome Stewarts Blog . Retrieved 2013 16, November , from Leadership and hindsight bias: http:// drJstewart. wordpress. com/2013/10/20/1eadership-and-hindsight-bias/ Project Implict. (n. d. ). Retrieved November 15, 2013, from Teaching Tolerance: http:// www. tolerance. org/supplement/test-yourself-hidden-bias Webster, M. (n. d. ). unbiased. Retrieved November 16, 2013, from Merrian Webster: merriam- webster. com/dictionary/unbiased

Free Essays on Lighters

Smoking Suicide is the only serious philosophical problem according to French philosopher and soccer fan Albert Camus. Does this make smokers the only serious philosophers? After all, every seductive tube brings us that much nearer the grave. It is a conscious act to light up and subtract some measure of time from our allotted span. A slow burning death in effect. But maybe it’s more of a gamble than suicide. After all the act of self destruction is the final act of self control. We choose our own time, place and method. Smoking loads the wheel in Fortune’s favour. We know not the minute or the hour but we know that each inhalation of tar, nicotine and sundry carcinogenics brings us one gasp closer. There can be little doubt that smoking is a Bad Thing. Very bad indeed. The ugly labels which spoil the clean and elegant lines of cigarette packets are quite firm on this point. The evidence is medical, anecdotal, sociological and generally compelling. There is no point in rehearsing the statistics that we’ve all heard time and again. If we were to act as truly rational beings then we would not smoke. Of course if we were to act as truly rational beings then the world would be a far grimmer place than it already is. Mercifully our passions are stronger than our reason and so we continue to smoke. Just as we continue to make love and art. These have little to do with rational choices. Smoking has a complex role in our society. Tobacco has long been contested and interpreted in different ways. Cigars for instance have an entirely different social function from cigarettes. They are all about wealth, â€Å"sophisticated† leisure and invulnerability. They stand for being part of an elite. Port and cigars in the billiards room before joining the ladies is one of the cliches of the Edwardian â€Å"summer of glory† which any half-competent BBC costume drama director can suggest in the space of a short panning shot. Outsi... Free Essays on Lighters Free Essays on Lighters Smoking Suicide is the only serious philosophical problem according to French philosopher and soccer fan Albert Camus. Does this make smokers the only serious philosophers? After all, every seductive tube brings us that much nearer the grave. It is a conscious act to light up and subtract some measure of time from our allotted span. A slow burning death in effect. But maybe it’s more of a gamble than suicide. After all the act of self destruction is the final act of self control. We choose our own time, place and method. Smoking loads the wheel in Fortune’s favour. We know not the minute or the hour but we know that each inhalation of tar, nicotine and sundry carcinogenics brings us one gasp closer. There can be little doubt that smoking is a Bad Thing. Very bad indeed. The ugly labels which spoil the clean and elegant lines of cigarette packets are quite firm on this point. The evidence is medical, anecdotal, sociological and generally compelling. There is no point in rehearsing the statistics that we’ve all heard time and again. If we were to act as truly rational beings then we would not smoke. Of course if we were to act as truly rational beings then the world would be a far grimmer place than it already is. Mercifully our passions are stronger than our reason and so we continue to smoke. Just as we continue to make love and art. These have little to do with rational choices. Smoking has a complex role in our society. Tobacco has long been contested and interpreted in different ways. Cigars for instance have an entirely different social function from cigarettes. They are all about wealth, â€Å"sophisticated† leisure and invulnerability. They stand for being part of an elite. Port and cigars in the billiards room before joining the ladies is one of the cliches of the Edwardian â€Å"summer of glory† which any half-competent BBC costume drama director can suggest in the space of a short panning shot. Outsi...

Physical Therapy Essay examples

Physical Therapy Essay examples Physical Therapy Essay examples Physical Therapy Physical therapists diagnose patients, help patients remove their pain, and increase their mobility. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics website, physical therapists diagnose patients by the way they stand and walk. Also, they perform exercise and use certain equipment to help relieve the patient’s pain. Physical therapists can treat anyone with any sort of condition. Whether it’s a minor condition such as a fracture or a dislocation or a serious condition such as a stroke or a traumatic injury, physical therapists are able to treat it. Most people think all physical therapists work in some sort of hospital, but this is not true. According to the American Physical Therapy Association website, more than eighty percent of physical therapists work in sub-acute facilities, outpatient centers, home health centers, and etc. Some physical therapists do work at hospitals, of course. There are several education requirements to become a physical therapist , as there is for most jobs. In high school, physical therapists should begin to take college preparatory classes such as biology, chemistry, physics, health, and mathematics. Classes to take to improve communication skills are psychology and sociology. Other helpful classes to consider taking are statistics and foreign languages (Physical Therapists). Physical therapists must graduate with a Master’s or Doctoral degree. Postgraduate school is a must for future physical therapists. Suggested classes to take are anatomy, humanities, and therapeutic procedures. Attending a Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education (CAPTE) school is the best choice when wanting the best education (Physical Therapists). When looking online for good physical therapy schools, use school rankings as a guideline to pick the best school. It is another good idea to look at all the factors and not just a poll when deciding which college to go to (Top Physical Therapy Schools). The top th ree schools according to Physical therapy Schools Info website are, â€Å"University of Southern California, University of Pittsburgh, and Washington University in St. Louis.† Both the University of Southern California and Washington University have the same criteria, according to the Physical Therapy Pre-Reqs website. They both offer a CAPTE program that lasts three years after taking the first four years of college. There is also a 100 percent employment rate for graduated therapists. Also according to the Physical Therapy Pre-Reqs website, the University of Pittsburgh offers placements in every setting such as geriatrics, sports medicine, and etc. University of Pittsburgh offers a CAPTE program and almost all graduates from this school have passed the national exam. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics website, every state requires physical therapists to have a license. Physical therapists must pass the National Physical Therapy Examination. There are other requirem ents for therapists depending on the state (Licenses). Physical therapists, who are licensed, are required to take classes and go to workshops to keep their license (Other Requirements). The average wage of physical therapists in 2012 was $80, 889. The wage depends on the location in which a therapist works (Earnings and Advancement). It also depends on the location in which the therapist works (Salaries). According to the Coin Career library, salaries are higher in rural areas because of the shortage of therapists in those areas. According to the Coin Career Library, in 2010, there were about 199, 000 employed physical therapists

Workforce Effectiveness (Interview Technique) Essay

Workforce Effectiveness (Interview Technique) - Essay Example Patton (1987) has recommended that such questions should be neutral and clear to the employee, they must be open ended and demonstrate sensitivity to the subject of the interview. The cognitive interview techniques aims to improve communication during an interview, through enhancing recall of past events and the context in which they occurred. This method also allows an interviewer to assess when confabulation is used, i.e, stating something that is not strictly true. Memon et al (1997) have examined the application of the cognitive technique in the context of police work where interviewing witnesses was concerned and found it efficacious in enhancing accurate recall of past events. Lindberg et al (2003) have compared three different investigative techniques used with young children. The first of these was a step wise interview process, in which questions became progressively more difficult. The second method employed a play situation and interviewed the children by asking them questions as they played. The last method was a modified structured interview in which the interviewers were provided an information packet that highlighted the importance of the resea rch and included instructions on how to build rapport with the children together with guidelines on specific kinds of questions that could be asked. The last method was found to be the best. In view of the above, it appears that the method of semi structured interview may be the best in gaining a picture of the candidates for the Executive assistant position and their abilities. While a set of prior questions can be prepared before hand, some questions can be open ended, allowing the candidate to expand on any aspect that the interview wishes to know more about. The interview will include questions about the candidate’s academic qualifications and the grades that were earned. A set of questions on job history can

The Unseen Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Unseen - Article Example Germs and pathogens hide in their personal accessories like rings and phones that constantly contact diverse hospital surfaces when attending to the patients (Aleccia). Germs and pathogens’ predicament harboring in personnel’s’ attire may effectively handled by cleaning them adequately with the necessary disinfecting reagents. This encompasses even treating them with adequate chemicals, which will ensure as they interact with patients and other people in the hospital do not contribute in spreading diseases among the patients. Consequently, making treatment complicated especially when a person contacts a new disease, besides the one is suffering (Aleccia). Health personnel should cease from wandering outside the health facility while in the attires, which might contribute even transferring diseases to the public who are unawares. The existence of commercial Salmonella Typhimurium is inevitable due to its application in microbiology labs. US CDC studies confirmed lately that Salmonella Typhimurium spate that was evidently in the households of the microbiology staff or students (Aleccia). The staffs usually carry home the bacteria by their protective attires with the cleaning intention and fail to disinfect effectively. In curbing this predicament and shun the bacteria’s epidemic, it is vital that the staff or training students be adequately equipped with protective attire cleaning and avoid carrying them to their residences (Aleccia). However, use of personal gadgets like telephone is inevitable, where each needs to be adequately equipped with how to scrub their hands prior handling them especially when in

Ddp week2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ddp week2 - Essay Example This is exactly what this essay seeks to do. Rentschler (2003) opines that â€Å"emotions are the result of a logical appraisal of the probability that a situation will effect a positive or negative change to our physical or psychological well being.† Emotion therefore refers to the reaction that our minds give to an occurrence or event around us. Emotion is a personal feeling that may vary from person to person – thus two people will feel differently towards the same occurrence. Emergence can be said to represent how complex systems result out of relatively simple systems or interactions. To this effect, (Lewes 1875, p. 412) has it that â€Å"every resultant is either a sum or a difference of the co-operant forces; their sum, when their directions are the same -- their difference, when their directions are contrary† (Blitz 1992). Research can simply be said to be the search of knowledge. Research also involves re-learning about a thing or a phenomenon. Research has been made to appear quite complicated and formal because there are a lot of academic theories and conventions surrounding it. To conduct a research therefore, one has to follow some laid down procedure. Keegan (2009) views emergence from an angle where it impacts on the conduct of research rather than emergence having a role in the results or analysis of data. This is indeed unlike he did for emotion, which shall be discussed later. Keegan (2009) posits that â€Å"web communications, crowd behaviour and brand evolution can all be thought of in terms of emergence.† This means that Keegan relates emergence to the point of view where researchers take issues. By this, emergence makes the conduct and manipulation of concepts in research work more complex and complicated. This is because as seen in the definition of term, emergence is characterized complexity out of simple phenomenon. There could however be a

Business plan - Setting up my own business (Flower Shop) Coursework

Business plan - Setting up my own business (Flower Shop) - Coursework Example There will be a highly connected delivery network that will enable flowers to be delivered the right time so that the impact is not lost due to an inefficient delivery. Flowers are a good choice for several occasions including birthdays, mother’s day, and weddings, to name just a few. A key differentiator would be its exclusive floristry that will provide elegant flowers of the best quality. Perhaps the most convenient and obvious segmentation is the occasion segmentation that will segment the market according to different occasions namely weddings, birthdays, Mother’s day, Christmas, Valentine’s day and other seasonal parties. This division of the market into sub groups will allow greater profits through larger sales by targeting the right set of individuals (Hall, Jones, Raffo, and Anderton 2008, p. 139). Another option is to segment the target markets temporally, meaning, based on the required delivery times. While many occasions require same day delivery, many others do not. For this reason, it will be convenient to divide the market to groups of individuals based on the delivery times for the recipients. In case of time based segmentation, the segmentation variables would include same day delivery, next day delivery, peak seasonal delivery, and other holidays. The florist offers great flower at good prices with international delivery options. Moreover, the customers have the choice of various delivery time options. The flower shop also has a flower catalog that can be requested to order unique flowers for different occasions (Philip’s Flower Shops 2014). Philip’s flower shops operate online and have a specially designed website structure that allows easy ordering of flowers online. It also provides flexible delivery systems for its customers so that recipients receive flowers on the appropriate time. Since Tesco is a large

Should drinking age be lowered to 18 like in Europe Essay

Should drinking age be lowered to 18 like in Europe - Essay Example Those speaking against reducing the drinking age support drinking in exceptional cases, such as drinking in home environment, drinking under adult guidance, for medical needs, and other similar reasons. Those who favor reducing the age bar to 18 years, the minimum legal drinking age (MLDA) from 21, counter that it has not helped teen drinking. On the contrary, it has encouraged binge drinking in private and risky surroundings, causing health and life-threatening conduct by youngsters (Procon.org 1). Just because the European drinking age is 18 years, Americans should also follow them is not a logical argument in itself. Relatively to the European countries’ teenagers’ drinking pattern, the American teenagers’ rate of drinking is lower. The American teenagers’ rate of consuming alcohol or binge drinking is similar or lesser than their European counterparts. Negative effects of increased rate of alcohol intake and binge drinking have been reported in less than 13 years old teenagers as well, which leads to the logical factor of not reducing the age bar from 21 to 18 years (Procon.org 1). Another logical argument against reducing the drinking age bar is that MLDA 21 assists teenagers to control binge drinking. Binge drinking habit is at the highest among 21- to 25-year-olds at 45.9%. Comparing this rate with that of the 12-13, 14-15, 16-17, and 18-20 age-groups, their binge drinking rates are 1.5%, 7.8%, 19.4%, and 35.7% respectively, which are relatively very lower. Considering the legal aspect, the MLDA 21 laws help in downsizing the number of drinkers below the legal drinking age. It has been observed that since 1984 when maximum numbers of MLDA 21laws were promulgated, the percentage of below-age alcohol consumption has reduced. Research has also pointed that when the alcohol consumption age is 21; those below this age consume less alcohol, and make it a habit to consume less alcohol across their

Business plan - Setting up my own business (Flower Shop) Coursework

Business plan - Setting up my own business (Flower Shop) - Coursework Example There will be a highly connected delivery network that will enable flowers to be delivered the right time so that the impact is not lost due to an inefficient delivery. Flowers are a good choice for several occasions including birthdays, mother’s day, and weddings, to name just a few. A key differentiator would be its exclusive floristry that will provide elegant flowers of the best quality. Perhaps the most convenient and obvious segmentation is the occasion segmentation that will segment the market according to different occasions namely weddings, birthdays, Mother’s day, Christmas, Valentine’s day and other seasonal parties. This division of the market into sub groups will allow greater profits through larger sales by targeting the right set of individuals (Hall, Jones, Raffo, and Anderton 2008, p. 139). Another option is to segment the target markets temporally, meaning, based on the required delivery times. While many occasions require same day delivery, many others do not. For this reason, it will be convenient to divide the market to groups of individuals based on the delivery times for the recipients. In case of time based segmentation, the segmentation variables would include same day delivery, next day delivery, peak seasonal delivery, and other holidays. The florist offers great flower at good prices with international delivery options. Moreover, the customers have the choice of various delivery time options. The flower shop also has a flower catalog that can be requested to order unique flowers for different occasions (Philip’s Flower Shops 2014). Philip’s flower shops operate online and have a specially designed website structure that allows easy ordering of flowers online. It also provides flexible delivery systems for its customers so that recipients receive flowers on the appropriate time. Since Tesco is a large

CASE STUDY ON HAITIAN CULTURE Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ON HAITIAN CULTURE - Case Study Example However, Haitians are proud of their history and tradition but majority of them are undergoing rapid change as they integrate into the global community. Their culture still applies to those who even migrated to the United States. In summary, the paper attempts to look at cultural views of homosexuality in Haiti as well as identifying culturally congruent strategies to address in designing of HIV prevention in the Haiti community. In addition, it will briefly discuss reaction of Ronald parents regarding his HIV status. Expressions of homosexuality are not accepted by society outside of certain culture and religious rites such as Carnival among the Haitian community. Haitian Creole reflects common attitudes towards homosexuals. There are, however, significant variations in attitudes, based in large measure on religious conviction. Evangelical Protestant denominations, citing scriptural passages they interpret as prohibiting homosexuality, tend to be least tolerant, often excluding openly homosexual men and women from their congregations. The Catholic Church has a somewhat more subtle approach. They condemn homosexual practices, but tolerating the presence of homosexuals in religious ceremonies, and calling on the faithful, not to mistreat them (World Health Organization, 2010, pp. 5-21). The response from Ronald parents’, if they were religious, to his HIV status would have vacillated a moderate stand of finger-pointing and blame him. This is, as a result of, being tradition and religious. They would stick to the idea of sex being holy and having its rightful place in marriage, and of course only between a man and a woman. In defense of their stance, however, it can be argued that Ronald deviation from this ideal led to HIV infection (Desilva, Grey & Gonzalez, 2009, pp. 70-77). When designing counseling and prevention program for the Haitian community and its population, it is important to note that best practices in counseling would

The Ganges River Essay Example for Free

The Ganges River Essay The Ganges River is very sacred to the Hindus. This river starts in the Himalayas and flows across the northern part of India and into Bangladesh and finally empties into the Bay of Bengal. The Ganges River flows a total of 1,557 miles and provides water for southern Tibet, northern India, Nepal, and Bangladesh. This is a very important river for everyone, especially the Hindus, but f we do not take care of it will be destroyed by pollution. The Hindus use the Ganges River to cleanse their sins. They believe that the goddess Ganga came to earth in the form of a river, and if they bathe in it their sins will be cleansed. Millions of Hindus come long ways to cleanse themselves in the river each year. The Hindus believe that if you die while in the river, you are guaranteed a place in paradise. This river also provides nutrients for the farms it passes through. The tributaries  of the Ganges supports about 300 million people. Many of these people do not even know that their river is being polluted. The Ganges River runs along a few big cities. Factories in this city along the coast are spilling pollutants into the river. With the growing population, pollution is not slowing down. It is estimated that 230 million gallons of sewage are being put into the river each day. This river is becoming more polluted as the population gets larger and the amount of waste increases. If a very strong effort is not put in to helping save this river it will not be able to help anybody. Some efforts are being made to clean up the Ganges river. In 1986, a project for 250 million dollars was made to try to clean up the river. To deal with the population problem, incentives are given to families with two children or less. Still the average family has three to four children. More of an effort to restore this river needs to be made or else it will be destroyed. If this river does get destroyed it will devastate many people, especially the Hindus. Some people believe it is already to polluted to clean up. Better ways of controlling their pollution will need to be made to save this river.

The Potential Of Wind Assisted Ship Propulsion Engineering Essay

The Potential Of Wind Assisted Ship Propulsion Engineering Essay Wind is present all around the world, and in some places with abundant energy density. Wind had been extensively used in the past, for mechanical power in addition to transportation (J.F. Manwell and J.G. McGowan, A.L. Rogers (2009)).Wind energy has evolved into one of the most practical, cost-effective and both environmentally and technically attractive, of all the renewable energy options in the world. So the wind energy has a lot of potential at sea for assisting in ships propulsion. Wind is the cheapest, most powerful, and greenest source of energy on the high seas. The accelerating fuel costs over the last decade have led to growing interest in the application of wind assistance for ship propulsion and reduce fossil fuel consumption. Using wind energy for propulsion of ships in sea is in fact one of mankinds oldest ocean-going technologies. In one-way or another, with modern advances in ship design and propulsion the use of wind energy was almost forgotten Sail systems were the dominant form of propulsion until the 19th century (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_propulsion) Astrophysicist Carl again writes, for example, that: the consequences of scientific illiteracy are far more dangerous in our time than in any that has come before. Its perilous and foolhardy for the average citizen to remain ignorant about global warming, say, or ozone depletion, air pollution, toxic and radioactive wastes, acid rain, topsoil erosion, tropical deforestation, exponential growthà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.How can we affect national policyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ if we dont under stand the underlying issues? Aim and Objectives: The main of the project is to analysis into the potential of Wind Assisted Ship Propulsion (WASP) and its application into the modern day shipping. WASP systems will be explained, analysed by showing its benefits and drawbacks. The applications and possible benefits of the use of the WASP will also be investigated showing all the relevant factors that are affected by the use of WASP. The key objectives are summarized as: Research into present and evolution of WASP systems, Potential of present WASP system and their applications. Advantages and future development of WASP systems Discussion of economic and environmental factors Analysis into the use of alternative energy sources at sea. Evaluation of WASP by application to a case study Critical analyse into all findings to produce a logical and well founded conclusion. EXISTING WASP SYSTEMS: The following are the remaining WASP Systems in use at present in the sea Aerofoil(Wing-Sail) Flettner Rotor Rig Soft Sail Towing Kites (Skysails) Wind Turbine (Skysails) Aerofoil (Wing-Sail): This form of marine propulsion works in the similar way as an aeroplane wing, producing pressure differences between opposite sides which create a force , supported by central mast. The trust provided by the solid structures of the sail is more with less drag than conventional sails. This technology came into wide development in 1980s by Japanese and still some vessels use this technology nowadays with research into the application of such systems proceeding. Various research is been carried out and one of the example using this aerofoil concept is this ship model which is called the ecoliner. It is a type of cargo vessel which propels by using combination of high-tech sail and engine power. This combined feature, make it possible to work like a normal cargo ship with similar service of speed, freight price and other factors. Using this ecoliners , as ocean transports will decrease the pollution emissions to 50% of the ship. MV Ashington vessel is a bulk carrier which has auxiliary propulsion with the use aerodynamic wing sail. (http://www.shipspotting.com/gallery/photo.php?lid=823976) A computer controlled wingsail fitted to the 6,500 dwt dry cargo ship mv Ashington resulted in a fuel savings average of 8% and, under favourable circumstances, of up to 20%. (htt p://www.maritimejournal.com/features101/power-and-propulsion/wingsail_ready_for_small_commercial_vessels) The wing-sail have two significant drawbacks which are considered. First one is that the moments coupled with the lift forces which produce the propulsion also can create a large aerodynamic drag force which acts as a huge drawback when sailing directly into a head wind(Clayton, 1987).Rigid sails then usually themselves into the wind direction when no force can be created while some design allow the surface to be folded using hydraulic controls such that the direction can be controlled. In general wing-sails have a high lift coefficient compared to soft sails which will be discussed in further topics. This means this system has more advantage over the other conventional sails even though initial investment in the system will be high. Various designs now incorporate a frame with a material surface to keep the minimum weight. Flettner Rotor Rig: Flettner rotors consist of cylinders which are of spinning type and tall mounted onto the vessels deck. The vessel is set in motion by using the Magnus effect. The Magnus effect is produced whenever pressure difference occurring around spinning object. This concept was done by researcher Anton Flettner, a German naval architect. Later researchers conducted experimenting into its operation in 1980 when Saudi oil crisis happened. But this system never overtook the diesel engine usage. However in the 1920s Fletner rotor operated in sea for a quiet a long year proving reliable form of wind propulsion. To understand this system works, an understanding of the Magnus effect is necessary. The Magnus effect or force happens when there is a pressure difference around a spinning object. Because of this change in boundary later around this object happens, a lift force is generated in direct propulsion to the acceleration it imparts on the air streaming by (Seufert, 1983). This lift force happens due to Bernoullis principle; this use of the principle is highly effective and is described as practicable. Soft Sail: Soft Sail system consists of two main types, the modern square rig and the fore and aft rig. The square rig is the most efficient running rig and useful to longer routes with more constant and foreseeable winds.Fore and aft rig type is suitable to short routes, where the wind speed and direction be unlike. In modern day shipping the soft sails is not used, because of its large propulsion of deck space and needs constant manning. The reason for this is because the other types of sailing systems are more effective and efficient compared to these soft sails. The sky sail lakes large portion of deck space and always need constant manning. With deck space is considered more important for carrying cargos in present shipping world, it makes less effective in use and outweighs the advantages of any soft sail systems. The future of ship propulsion may consider this soft sail with combining with other types of propulsion to take advantages and use it in a efficient way. However there are some smaller vessels like fishing boats still depend on soft sails as an auxiliary propulsion force and the uses of soft sail are important in this fishing boats Towing Kites (Skysails): Towing Kites function on same basis as several conventional kite arrangements used on such things as Paragliding and kite boarding, etc. the propulsion of the vessel is assisted by the kite which harness the energy from wind. Since wind-conditions are not always sufficient, the Skysails system is designed to function as a supplementary power source, in addition to the ships engine. Skysail consists of a towing kite, a control system, a launch and recovery system and a wind-optimized routing system. The Para foil kite is constructed out of  high-strength, weatherproof textiles, and  is designed in such a way that it can achieve optimal aerodynamic efficiency at any wind speed. The steering system operates automatically and is composed of the control pod and the control system. The towing kite and the towing rope are linked by the control pod. Much like autopilot systems in airplanes, the Skysails sensors collect data that is processed by the systems software, which sends control orders accordingly. The launch and recovery system is responsible for automatically recovering and launching  the towing kite, control pod and towing rope. The kite is attached at only one point to the launch and recovery mast, enabling high manoeuvrability. A telescopic mast lifts the towing kite  during its launch. The wind unfolds the kite to its full size while the reef system launches the reef ropes. While the towing kite is decoupled from the launch and recovery mast, the towing rope is released. The power transmission system consists of a  towing rope, a force transmission point (tow point), and winch, and is responsible for transferring the tractive force from the kite to the ship.  The mounting system ensures that the towing kites force is aligned ideally to suit the winds direction. The routing system is composed of  a weather forecasting performance calculator, which processes the weather forecasting data and of a decision-making model, which calculates the optimal route following priorities set by the ships owner. Finally, the routing system has a route recommendation feature, which translates the information into a series of waypoints read by the shipmaster. The SkySails system also improves the ships safety and performance on water as it damps the waves so that the ship suffers from less slamming and torsion forces. In addition, as a result of smoother sailing, the ships life is extended. A short video of a ship equipped with the SkySails system is available (http://www.maplesoft.com/company/casestudies/skysails.aspx) The steering system of skysail operates automatically meaning that there is no input need via crew, just observation. The skysail system will have a control pod situated on the high strength towing rope and the kite. This pod changes the profile of the kite such that it ultimately controls its flyting path in line with ship needed direction. Wind-Turbine: Wind turbines are widely used in land; however it has not yet been applied on at large scale in the shipping industry. Wind turbines at sea could perform two functions as electricity generation and in aid of propulsion. The drawback using wind turbine is it will be ineffective at no wind and counterproductive at high wind conditions.many smaller vessels have used wind turbines directly connected through gearbox to the propeller. But large vessels need large size machine to drive the generators which makes complex engineering to make it work stable. Also this system will need more time to get fitted, assembled such that it means it will be suitable for future vessels. APPLICATION OF WASP SYSTEMS: The use and development of WASP systems in the modern day shipping should be considered to make an adequate conclusion .At present WASP system are at very small percentage of the global marine transportation industry. The different types of systems are already present in use various ships and also in small vessels such that it makes easy to have a very good potential in upcoming years since the price of fossil fuels hikes and also they pollute the air which made global impact to cut the harmful exists of these pollution.by looking at the advantages and the usefulness of WASP systems and its drawbacks, various factors related to it can be analysed. The further topics will discuss about the advantages and applications of these systems. POTENTIAL OF PRESENT WASP IN PLACE: WASP is already in place for long ago in small vessels like boats in fishing industry. Currently WASP is present in less in global marine industry but its still considered as notable, potential system to avoid fossil fuels.by analysis the various factors and cases, understanding can be done greater. Oil crisis happened in 1970s and 1980s , the Japanese were very conscious and tried to look into alternative to the field of ship propulsion and some 17 sail- assisted tankers were produced with all having similar design. The first vessel with name Shin-Aitoku-Maru (DWT: 1600), in 1980 reached 11knots speed when the sea and ship conditions were good. These sails travelled in sea during that oil crisis but later the oil prices dropped down again .this made the diesel engines to overcome those sails and the marine industry discarded to use the systems .however the environmental concern arrived in 2010 regarding water and air pollution due to the fossil fuel .this play a massive role to change the world to look into alternative energy sources that can be used in sea and imposing rules and regulations on various pollution factors. APPLICATION OF WASP: The application of WASP systems are vastly used in fishing industry in smaller vessels. Many American and European boats have small auxiliary soft sails but they are used rarely. Large commercial fishing vessels does not utilise wind at all, since it would be impractical most often. They increase work load on crew with others factors including cost of the equipment and less knowledge to use the system of WASP will make it difficult to use it. It can be seen in statistics that WASP could be used in fishing fleet to a greater extent that actually works. By looking at historical research, wind has been used ad earlier way of propulsion when no engines exists. The transaction from the main form of propulsion changing from wing to coal- fire propulsion units took place so quick over a time spam of 30 years. However increase in price of fuel and pressure to reduce fuel consumption. Skysails are used by Wesselss Sipping Company on three vessels where some good results have ben obtained. WHERE WASP MAY BE APPLIED: Although climate change has occurred since the creation of the Earth today it represents a setback to a society that grew in the last two centuries to over 7 billion with an associated energy demand based primarily on the consumption of fossil fuels. The global population is expected to peak at 9.2 billion around 2075, while social development is desired to continue.so its important that WASP could be used in various ships propulsion. WASP may not be a good solution in making all vessels more efficient and reduce fuel consumption. But some vessels use the benefit of this systems.in recent years Ultra Large Crude Carriers (ULC) and Very Large Crude Carriers (VLC) dominates the transport of crude oil and the benefits of WASP on such kind of carriers are hard to be seen in practice. But smaller carriers may benefit from WASP technology and vessels which run on lower speed can use this type of propulsion to reduce fuel consumption. For example, steam coal and iron ore are usually stored on a very large scale before the resource is even utilised. In that case the vessels can carry them with the use of WASP which can produce 11-13 knots speed and its practicable. FACTORS One of the weapons used by all vessels, the WASP combat is essentially highly advanced missiles that contain a variety of sub munitions. The computer that controls each one is also able to analyse tactical situations and plot the best path to achieve your goal and ensure success. The WASP has a maximum acceleration of 20g when using standard fusion fuel. This acceleration and speeds allows the WASP conditions for manoeuvre and more power. This speed advantage and acceleration allows you to run more. In addition to attacking enemy ships or space stations, WASP combat can also be used as a defines drones. In this mission profile, WASP can also be used as thermonuclear warheads or anti-matter ahead of the enemy. The health and economic impacts In this area, we are only beginning to understand the true extent of the consequences on utilization of WASP systems. Intuitively there is an accumulation of pollutants through the food chain and possibly in our drinking water supplies. But, according to Technical Document Management Measures National Pollution Control Environmental Protection Agencies, published in November 2001, petrol, oil, diesel fuel, and batteries and acidic cleaning compounds, and solvents involved in the maintenance of the boats ( as methylene chloride, tetrachloroethene, trichloroethene, and trichlorethylene) trickle in lakes, rivers and coastal areas, and many of these pollutants, particularly some of the heavy metals are attached to sediments and are eventually found in the food chain through either plankton or other organisms and then concentrated through the food chain, being a major environmental threat as well as a big human health problem when it comes to fish consumption. The high speed of supply and refuelling system used by WASP does not mask the problems caused by liquid spills and toxic gases; rather, it completely solves the problems. Industry There are economic consequences for the marine industry. The short-term impacts that cause direct financial costs are cleaning and punitive actions associated with them. Over time, the waters are much polluted, further legislative measures are introduced. Clean water is essential for multibillion dollar industry. Environment Supply system by WASP system is a high-speed refilling helps the environment in many respects, eliminating damage caused by other products refuelling. This product eliminates the smoke harmful gas that gives off the oil, polluting the air. It eliminates the greenhouse gases that pollute the earth and our ozone layer. This system prevents leaks that harm the soil. There was never a supply system created before can eliminate all kinds of damage, and that works without causing pollution. The high speed of supply and refuelling system using the WASP does not mask the problems caused by liquid spills and toxic gases, however, solve them by complete. Most of the damage caused by the emission engines and oil leaks comes from petroleum. Small leaks, despite being isolated events tend to occur every day around the world, they are, gallons of oil pollution in our waters. A small fuel leak affects a disproportionate amount of water on the surface of the ocean. In the UK the legal limit leaking oil and one drop of oil for every 2 litres of water in a proportion of 15mg per litre. Therefore, a single litre of oil can contaminate one million litres of water. And this is a chronic problem to be solved, and the reaction of sunlight, the chemicals become infinitely more toxic, and prolonged exposure affects thousands of fish species and a myriad of creatures such as shellfish, marine plants and damage as algae and their reproduction when exposed to oil. And the old trick of using soap or detergents to make the brightness disappear, is not only illegal, but it only makes pollution worse, and eventually adding surfactants to the mixture, whic h attach to the gills of fish and destroy their ability to breathe. The effect is catastrophic. And, as if that were not enough, the increase in population drives the development of the industry, and a lot of pressure on the marine environment. The impact on marine life inevitably leads to an impact on human health. WASP Systems are specialized in projects for supply, installation and commissioning of water systems and wastewater treatment systems, gray water recycling, along with some simple write-downs and innovative energy systems. The system creates a vacuum seal ventilating, and dramatically reduces the incidence of unintended leakage of gas that would normally escape to the atmosphere. The main advantage of the invention is that it allows the filling very quickly, which will significantly reduce operating costs for operators of vessels and facilities loading terminals. Applications for the WASP system will focus initially on three distinct segments in the market within the maritime industry: nautical recreation, navigation and commercial refuelling (as tugs, barges, ferries and commercial vessels), and loading of liquid cargo from ships that cross oceans. The deployment of this system in the world will eliminate millions of tons of harmful particles of gas to the atmosphere, and prevent millions of gallons of fuel from spreading into watercourses .freighters with this product, which is able to increase the delivery time cargo 100% and thus may reduce the time spent in each vessel terminals. We can shorten the terminal for vessels which reduces the rate per ton of whole load of liquid therefore increase the amount of deliveries for all vessels. We can reduce the waiting time for vessels which reduces the rate per ton of whole load of liquid therefore increase the amount of deliveries to all ships refuelling and increased how it works at high speeds. Our product also eliminates many greenhouse gases and gases hazardous to health that are associated with refuelling which in turn becomes safer for everyone to use our product to refuel. Currently we are working together this time with a major oil company and help them in their oils movement worldwide. 6.2 Economic factors Economic factors in the application of WASP freighters These ships can perform rapid sustained combat operations at sea as a centrepiece strategy. To carry out its core mission, WASP has a support system that synchronizes the simultaneous horizontal and vertical flow of cargo and vehicles throughout the ship. The ship propulsion can generate a total of 400 tons of steam per hour. If the energy of the two boilers were converted into electrical current could power a city of 160,000 inhabitants. Electric generators aboard a ship can provide more than 16,000 kilowatts of energy. Two stations provide a capacity of 450,000 litres to 200,000 litres of water per day supply. Chapter 5: Case Study 5.1: MS Beluga Skysails MS Beluga Skysails with its computer-controlled kite (top right corner) One of the latest innovations in the heavy cargo ship which increases fuel prices has been a return to wind power. The MS Beluga SkySails is a heavy carrier that uses a towing kite system as part of its propulsion systems. The ship was launched and followed early sea trials in the North Sea in January 2008, the vessel embarked on its maiden voyage from Bremerhaven, Columbuskaje to Guanta, Venezuela. On route, the efficiency of the system was applicable in winds of up to force five for 8 hours a day. The system was hailed as a success, with calculated savings of up to 2.5t of fuel/$1,000 a day. With larger sails of 600m ², fuel savings can get up to 35%, possible. CONSTRUCTION The system has been developed by SkySails SkySails GmbH and Co. KG. The Beluga SkySails was equipped to navigate with a candle paraglider 160m  ². The area of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹the kite can be increased to 320m ². A pipe controlled by computer, is connected to the ship by a system of rope. The system can control the kite at altitudes between 100m and 500m to maximize the benefit of the wind. With oil prices so high, a cargo ship 87m average could save about à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 300,000 a year. The system can potentially be adjusted to any ship. The overall reduction of carbon dioxide transport arrives at an estimate of considerable million tons per year. The BBC said there is something magical, a giant cargo ship being pulled on its way to the sea with ten thousand tons of metal, and with the sun shining giant masts. But there is something even more magical about the MS Beluga SkySails. On the face of it, this ship leading, for example, parts of a production line of wood to Venezuela looks like any other cargo ship. MS Beluga SkySails believes its fuel bill will be cut by  £ 800 ($ 1,560) a day. We can demonstrate that it is possible to combine economy and ecology, says Verena Frank of Beluga Shipping, and explains, Economy, because you can reduce consumption and fuel costs and, moreover, contribute to ecology, reducing emissions carbon dioxide. the kite is controlled by computers. a computer helps to make it fly, and maximize the power it produces, the other computer adjusts the direction of the kite. If the project is successful, we expect to see kites even higher very soon sum up to 5,000 square feet in size, pulling ships ac ross the seas and oceans. Graphic Steve Rosenberg explains, See how the ship kite works: of all the CO2 that is pumped into the atmosphere today, 4% comes from ships. Thats more than the aviation industry, mainly because 90% of world trade is done by sea. The MS Beluga SkySails believes it has the solution environmentally, with a mission to transform the green oceans. Once the ship reaches the open sea, reveals a new weapon in the fight against global warming: a kite. The 160m2 kite is hoisted on a mast and for half an hour or so, he stands there at the top of the mast, not making a big thing. The wind and certainly a wonderful thing, because it only needs a bit of wind to make everything else work. Half an hour later, however, the wind makes the kite start to fly hundreds of feet in the air and helping to pull the ship. The paragliding and synonym of power to the engines of the ship, so you can work on reduced power: which means less carbon emissions. It also means lower bills in fuel costs. With the price of trans portation fuel that has doubled in the past two years, paragliding promises great savings. How the Ship-Parrot The kite helps reduce annual fuel costs 10-35%. Fuel economy also means fewer carbon emissions harmful to the atmosphere. The large towing kite resembles a glider and is shaped like an airplane wing, so you can take advantage of different wind directions. The kite operates at 100-300m above the surface much larger than a normal sailing boat where winds are stronger and more stable. The kite can be used in winds of 12-74 km / h (or 7 to 40 knots). The Technology Skysail Graphic References: Tom Schueneman, MS Beluga SkySails Completes Her Maiden Voyage (February 6th, 2008) http://www.ship-technology.com/projects/msbelugaskysails/ Steve Rosenberg, BBC News, Bremerhaven, northern Germany, Gone with the wind on kite ship (September, 2012) http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7205217.stm

Class Consciousness in Country Music :: Music Musical Class Essays

Class Consciousness in Country Music The term class consciousness, like any term which attempts to define group mentality, is somewhat imprecise. This lack of precision, of course, lends itself to the provocation of scholarly dispute. Historians of the labor movement in the United States have written volumes about both the meaning of class consciousness and the question of whether American workers possess it, however defined. While there are some demurs, most historians, including the non-Marxists, have accepted a Marxist interpretation of the term "class consciousness."1 Generally, Marxists insist that class consciousness is composed of two elements, a recognition by a particular group that they occupy a common, usually inferior, position within a society, and a commitment to changing that position through some type of political activity. "Class consciousness," according to an oft-cited definition by the English Marxist historian E.P. Thompson, "happens when some men, as a result of common experiences (inherited or sha red) feel and articulate the identity of their interests as between themselves, and as against other men whose interests are different from (and usually opposed to) theirs. The class experience is largely determined by the productive relations into which men are born or enter voluntarily.2 Regardless of how class consciousness is defined, most historians of the labor movement in the United States, Marxists and non-Marxists alike, agree that American workers never developed it. Their explanations of why this is so, however, vary. Some of the more acceptable explanations for this lack of class consciousness among American laborers are the racial and ethnic minorities within the work force, the greater social mobility of the American worker compared to that of his European counterpart and the generally higher wages received by American workers, which it is claimed, allows them to join the middle class. Recent historians have identified as a cause republican virtues nourished by the American Revolution which established a political democracy in the United States before the coming of the Industrial Revolution.3 The failure of American workers to become class conscious in the Marxist sense does not, however, indicate a willingness to accept the status quo. Rather American workers were acutely aware of their inferior economic and social status. The method they chose to improve their status was trade unionism, not politics. Trade unionism sprang from what Samuel Gompers of the American Federation of Labor termed class awareness, a camaraderie among workers devoid of political consideration. This class awareness of American laborers, historians contend, is evident in the long, arduous and ultimately successful struggle to build a trade union movement.

The Debt: An Economic Catastrophe Essays -- essays research papers fc

The Debt: An Economic Catastrophe Few national economic issues have generated the same kind of concern as has the federal debt problem of Canada. There is a pressing need for long-term policies to lift Canada out of the national debt hole it is in. Eliminating the debt will not only free up money being spent on interest and reduce taxes, but make Canada a more feasible place for future generations to live and work. Interest on the debt has eroded the government's ability to fund its own operations and essential social services. Presently, thirty-five cents of every tax dollar the federal government raises is used for interest payments alone on the debt. Though there have been operating surpluses within the federal government, they have been eaten up by the debt interest payments. Few people understand the devastating effects of compound interest. The debt, at a compound rate of 10%, doubles in seven years, quadruples in fourteen years, and is eight times as much in twenty-one years. This creates great difficulty for governments to slow the debt, much less eliminate it. Our federal debt grows all by itself to the tune of approximately ninety million dollars every day. This may seem hard to digest, but it is reality. The need for debt elimination is vital if Canada wants to free up billions of dollars being spend on interest payments. Two approaches may be taken to this. First, an increase in government revenues through higher taxation may be considered. However, taxes are a...

College Pressure at Lehigh University Essay

In †College Pressures†, author William Zinsser spends most of the time talking about students’ pressures, especially in the 60’s and 70’s, based on his experience at Branford College at Yale University. The article shows that students are facing pressures in lots of aspects, such as economic, parental, peer and self-induced aspects. However, these pressures are not rare in just a few universities. Economic pressure, parental pressure and peer pressure is present even in a prestigious university like Lehigh. Pressure is the new disease that is spreading through many universities and causing students to lose sight of the actual purpose of school by focusing only on test scores. To begin with, the tuition of Lehigh University increases each year, student’s economic pressure goes up as well. Since students don’t earn too much money, they have to plan each use of money carefully. For instance, in order to save money, students buy e-books instead of textbooks, buy things on Amazon, and sell things they don’t use anymore on E-bay. They have to save money for pursuing higher degrees later. It seems that the biggest pressure most students confront is the economic pressure. As Zinsser mentioned in the article, â€Å"The pressure is almost as heavy on students who just want to graduate and get a job.† (Zinsser, 1979, p.73) For international students, parents pay a lot for their children to study abroad because they want them to get a better education and thus lay a good foundation for their future. Studying in America costs lots of money, therefore, students have more pressure and push themselves to study harder. Additionally, competition for jobs and internships actually starts from freshman year. Chuxin, one of my friends at Lehigh University, goes to career services frequently to seek internships. I asked her why, and she said its better for us to care about our career since freshman year. Through internships, we can gain experiences for when we are looking jobs after graduation and add some excellent items to our resume as well. This obsession with getting a job as soon as possible is due to the desire to lower the economic pressure on the family of student. Moreover students have to face reality and make the best decision for their major and future direction. Sometimes a secure job is much more important than personal interest. As an international student in Lehigh University, I sometimes questioned myself about my purpose of studying abroad. Since seeking for good jobs has been a cruel race for undergraduate students in recent decades, pursuing higher GPA in college has truly stressed them out. Secondly, the parental pressure is another factor that is causing students much distress. One simple example, comparing their children to other children is one favorite way for parents to encourage their children, but this behavior sometimes can annoy children. Even though sometimes parents don’t intend to push their children, the children feel even more pressure. Parents work hard to pay for their sons and daughters; therefore, students should work harder to repay them. Take me as an example. When I was young, my parents divorced, eventually, my mother became a businesswoman and raised me up all by herself. I exert myself to get good grades so that I can return what she offered me one day. Hence, when getting bad grades on examinations, I feel sad and blame myself because I disappointed her, and because of my uselessness. For this reason, when I get bad grades, it will always be a long time for me to refresh the emotion. Furthermore, parents like to make choice, which in their mind, that considering the best for children’s future. My cousin, dreams to be an engineer, applied Lehigh University. Instead, however, her mother wants her to be a doctor because doctor has high social status, respected by others, and earns higher salary. She was matriculated by Case Western University already, which is good at medicine, but she is still waiting for the result of Lehigh University. She told me that she’s nervous because she doesn’t want to be a doctor at all. This creates the scenario in the article, where Zinsser said: â€Å"It is easy to look around for villains — to blame the colleges for charging too much money, the professors for assigning too much work, the parents for pushing their children too far, and the students for driving themselves too hard. But there are no villains, only victims. †(1979, p.73) Not only do students have to worry about parental pressure they are also concerned with peer pressure. From what I observed, half of students come with AP credits. I was once proud of m yself because of the superiority 14 credits in AP. Recently, however, I know that two of my friends already have 36 and 37 credits, and a few have more. One of my friends said to me †Hurry up, then we can graduate together!† I feel so nervous because everyone pursuits the higher-level academic performance and I stressed out because of the drastic competition. About 70 percent of my friends will go to summer school in the coming break, either in China or at Lehigh University. It seems that graduating in four years can’t satisfy us anymore; only if we study harder can we chase others’ rate of progress. Since competition among students becomes more severe, it causes peer pressure. Also, students care about each other’s study. One of my friends complains to me that her roommate cares her â€Å"way too much.† Her roommate always asks her where she is heading up to or what she is studying for. When the examination’s grade come out, she asks my friend’s final grade but doesn’t tell my friend hers. This kind of situation happens not rare. Students are interested in compare other’s grade with their own. In order to get greater achievement in study, students have to make the balance between time to study and time to do the activities. One of the students I know, for the sake of pursuing a higher GPA in this semester, has even give up the time for doing sports and participating extracurricular activities and dedicates his time to study to improve his academic performance. From my personal perspective, students will stress out by doing these kinds of things. I have a friend named Kai. He is a sophomore and has double major in mechanical engineering and electrical engineering. He overloads several credits each semester and the most important is that he got a 4.0 GPA in freshman year. Therefore, he becomes the â€Å"target† for all freshman students. When he walks on the street, some people, even not familiar with him, always stop him and ask him how he handles the study. We once chatted, and he told me he is just interested in engineering and wants to obtain real knowledge. He just does what he likes and is not the kind of person who succeeds by studying hard for tests. While, pressures young people face become universal today. Pressure on students is an â€Å"epidemic† in Lehigh University basically in three reasons: economic pressure, parental pressure and peer pressure. These are pressures that are conspicuously faced by a large number of students, and stress is more likely based on students’ academic study. There are still some other pressures caused by professors, friends or even students themselves. Pressure is not totally bad because it can motivate students to move forward and explore themselves better; nevertheless, students can’t let academic performance dominate their entire campus life, and it’s good for them to relax a little bit; otherwise, students sacrifice their education by becoming skilled test takers rather than truly gaining any knowledge in college. Reference Zinsser, W. (1979). College Pressures. Blair and Ketchum’s Country Journal, 6(4), 72–78.

Market Attractiveness Essay

The product was recently awarded a best new product award for ‘Best toothpaste’ as well as the ‘Best in Show’. In Auckland ,Colgate main   target market like, Warehouse and new world , countdown. Colgate also available   in the   local market of the Newzealand  Ã‚   Colgate   in 2011 ,the   company holds a staggering 44. 7% global market share with its flag ship toothpaste lineThere are three competitors of Colgate in newzealandSENSODYNESensodyne  is a brand of toothpaste marketed for individuals with sensitive teeth. It is a registered trademark of glaxo smith kline which acquired it in 2001 in the purchase of block drug which developed it. Sensodyne has two main product lines: sensitivity and acid erosion. Sensodyne sensitivity products are marketed to counteract teeth sensitivity caused by exposed dentin . The price of sensodyne pure gel $4 for the 100 gm . The active ingredient is claimed to form a protective barrier in the tooth. Clinical studies have found that potassium nitrate may be effective in treatment of dentine hypersensitivity. Sensodyne acid erosion products, Sensodyne ProNamel, are marketed to protect enamel from acid erision . One of ProNamel’s active ingredients, fluoride, is widely endorsed to make teeth more resistant to acid attacks and to repair previous acid decay. Both products come in a variety of flavors and with the option of whitening. Pepsodent  Pepsodent is a brand of toothpaste with a minty flavor derived from sassafras. The brand is owned by unilever,but in2013the rights to the brand in united states and Canada were bought by church and Dwight. ow pepsodent produce product like pepsodent herbal . The price of pepsodent herbal 150g of $4. 50 . Pepsodent now have the market share 17 % in RS 2200 crore oral care market  SmokerSmoker toothpaste well also cleanse and revive your mouth with its extra strong peppermint flavor. Is also ideal for non smokers who want a doubly fresh breath. For whenever you want your breath to be its most intimate best. brush with smokers toothpaste. Smokers produces new product breath freshener which is available at NZ $2. 90 in 100g. B)Market attractiveness competition market†¢Ã‚  Newzealand is the best country for interducing new toothpaste product in the market because there multi natio nal people who demand the different type and taste of the toothpaste  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   everybody becomes aware about the   toothpaste   companies of their   cheap ways of earning profit by showing big blocks but decreasing the amount of toothpaste and creates competitions. Colgate product can do a good business by introducing a new taste and flavor of toothpaste product like a herbal and gel toothpast e and this can bring a healthy profit as well by covering more and more sale volume. As aresult   according to age group of people colgate introduce their different variety of product in market like a herbal product attract to soccer people and gel product attract the rughby and the youngpeople because this product gives the freshnes to these players   The different marketing companies makes it easy for the new companies to launch their product in the super market as well as in the city smallest shops as because of their well established links and distribution channelsAuckland is the smallest geography yet most populated being home to around 1. 0 millions peoples this makes Auckland a very attractive market for the investors and companies to launch their new product. In newzealand there are four big supermarkets which provide the different taste of product all these big and small supermarkets attract the customer for purchasing the toothpaste because all these markets are so busy and customer easily approach to these supermarkets . ith the   passage of time and growth of product in the market the product start gain the popularity and also increase the market share value in the market which is improved over all market position of the product in market  Q #2:   Assess and analyze competition market segments for impact on market strategy. ?  Our company is a market orientated one and caters to most age groups from children to adults but concentrates on younger customers by making their products alluring and affordable to children. According to the latest report Auckland have the population of 1. 5 millions and peoples from the age group 20 to 85 they love to eat chocolate twice a week. This all report is for both male and female although female’s ratios are bit higher than male peoples. Children from the age of 10 to 20 they love to eat chocolate almost daily. In the four main super market of Auckland it has been analyzed in all markets that all the competitor likes to advertise and place their product in tier bin near the check out and entrance of the stores and also they have weekly promotions plane which give them little discount if they buy like Whitaker display their special promotions in countdown after every week mean to say they brings promotion and special displays in countdown two week in a month this is how they attract peoples and especially children which comes with their families in store to buy the product   by different nice and attractive tier bin display although all our competitors have their normal and permanent   positions in the shelves in chocolate corner in the countdown super market. QUWSTION 7  Ã‚  LEGAL  In a newzealand ,if a company never have any legal rights to sale any product then they can not sale anything. they should have the legal licence for the sale . In   newzealand if any company want to sale their   toothpaste product i n local market then they have authority to sale their colgate product in market. In newzealand is there is also rule of fair trade act the colgate company follow all rule and regulation keep in the mind fair trading act. 2 SOCIALaccording to customer need and their life style colgate introduce their product in the market . ith the passage of time customer want the different flavour according to society of people colgate make their toothpaste product in newzealand market like a herbal and gel product toothpaste  Ã‚  Ã‚  In this we must be able to offer products and services that aim to complement and benefit people lifestyle and behavior. If organizations do not respond to changes in society they will lose market share and demand for their product or service. Population changes also have a direct impact on organizations. Changes in the structure of a population will affect the supply and demand of goods and services within an economy3 TECHNOLOGYDue to technology, there are lot of c hanging in toothpaste quality, quantity packaging  . Technology infrastructure such as the internet and other information exchange systems including telephone. Technology systems incorporating a multitude of software which help them manage their toothpaste business in different areas of new Zealand. Fast information can benefit businesses as they are able to react quickly to changes within their operating environment. These are technology factor which effect on marketing strategy of the Colgate toothpaste4 CULTURAL  Ã¢â‚¬â€œThere are many  cultural effects on market strategy. Different country has different culture so their demand of product is depend on their culture like kiwi people choice of Colgate   herbal flavour is the 30 %and gel toothpaste 20% . Culture always increase the demand of product in the market5 ECONOMICS –  The economic power of country effect to the market strategy of company   if country has poor   economic power and there are living low income people so company cannot increase the price of product if company increase the product price then low income people cannot buy the product so our company Colgate choose the best price $ 8 of one Colgate which purchase the low and high income people very easily6 REGULATORY –Regulatory means rule and regulation of market if any business does not use the regulatory then it cannot success. The fair trading act is spending the main role in marketing strategy . The Colgate company always does the work according to this act and it gives the proper information abbot product and service if this company gives the wrong information to their customers the customer can take the step against Colgate company it is also rule of fair trading act7 COMPETITIVE –Today’s business environment poses many challenges to high-technology enterprises in every segment of the industry . The competitor always impact on the market strategy of company . Company has to promote their product compare to their competitor like Colgate product is cheap then sensodyne or smoker . Moreover Colgate give the special offer like it gives the   free toothbrush   with one Colgate pack  Ã‚  8 DEMOGRAPHIC –There are many demographic effect on marketing strategy of   company. Demographic means select the target audience according their different sex ,age   etcetera. Different age has different demand of product in the market as children like sweet Colgate or youngster or old people has more demand of mint flavor of Colgate so Colgate company has to make the product keep in the mind different choice of customers9 POLITICAL –Colgate is the multinational brand and it is main distribution centre in wellington which produce the Colgate toothpaste product in whole new Zealand Political Government change policies could affect import of goods. Like custom charges on the International made goods. If government make charges increase in the custom rates, it will affect on those company who sell the international products in New Zealand10 NATURAL –The climate or environment effect on the market strategy of company  . It also effect on the demand of product . in newzealand people give the more priority herbal toothpaste because it is suitable for the people according their involvement   . Colgate lways produce their product according their climate   of the country11 ETHNICS –Ethnics means people of different culture , region, casts and nationality who are living in same society . There are heaps of impact on market strategy of company . Different people have different choice according their culture, religion and nationality  for example Indian people has different taste compare to kiwi people so they always different flavor of the colgate for example kiwi people like the herbal toothpaste and indian people like orange flavor of toothpaste  Ã‚  Ã‚  Q 3 Three marketing activities of main competitorAns  PromotionalNowadays, every company make promotional policy for increasing sales of product in market. The competitors of Colgate also give priority to advertise, for increase market share and market growth of product in market. In 2011,Smokers and pepsodent make unique promotional policy ,spend 1/3 part of income on promotional. As a result. The sales of both company increase 5-7% in end of particular year. Moreover, the value   market share of company increase, it is helpful to create new customer, company maintain their position in market. Both competitors of expand their business in different areas like develop business in rural areas and backward areas. As a result, the company helpful to market growth in different areas. Cost ControlThe competitors of Colgate also controlled cost of product. As a result, the company helpful for earning profit which leads to increase market share and market growth in market. In2011,somkers make specialist team   for reducing cost of product. The company purchase manufacturing material from different company make long term planning with manufacturing company. After that, manufacturing company give 10% discount on manufacturing material. DisplayIn market ,pepsodent and smokers adopt display method for attracting more customer and create image in customer mind. Both of company show all information in front of office, where customer easily understand product quality and  quantity. in  display ,the company also give different packing to their product means in packing show more quantity and also mention about product ingredient. Example in 50m of pepsodent which show all ingredient of product and company give unique packing . As a result, the product of company successful in market increase sale up to 15% in  2011. it  is helpful for company to expand their business in different areas. Question 4Complete sales forecast and evaluate both  A- Qualitatively  B- Quantitatively  QualitativelyColgate is the main aim to provide the high quality toothpaste to their customers in New Zealand. In simple world it is the quality of a product or service refers to the perception of the degree to which the product or service meets the customer’s expectations. In 2001, a record 39 present of total sales came from new products introduced in the past five years. The sale forecast of Colgate in newzealand$28 million from 2012 to 2013 and company want to earn 14% to 16 % profitQuantitatively:Colgate quantitavily means the quantity of product in particular product. It show the how many quantity we give the respected customer, It is all about the quantity not about the quality. It matters a lot to increase the product sales of the Colgate toothpaste in the marketBy the early 1990’s there were many different companies that focused on oral care products, with the leader being Colgate-Palmolive. By 1991, Colgate Palmolive held the number one position in the world for the sale of oral care products, accounting for 19% of the total toothbrush market. The company’s sales and profits were increasing each year, and by 1991 sales totalled â€Å"1. 03 billion dollars, while profits totalled 9. 8 million dollars,. At this point in time Colgate had introduced two different types of toothbrushes to the market, the Colgate Classic and the Colgate Plus. For producing toothpaste product Colgate use the latest technology and the ingredients to increase the quality of the product like Herbal and the Gel toothpaste is the best example of the high quality of product in the market in 2010 -11, in this way the sale of the company increase up to 10% in 2010 -11. The sale of colgate in 2008-09 was 14 million and company earn the $5 million profit in this year . here was the rapidly change the sale of the colgate in 2009-10,it was the $18million company earn almost 8 million profit in this year  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Question 5Assess selected marketing strategies for their impact upon profit. Expand market :Colgate makes the different market strategy for increasing their profit in market. Expand market means expand the business in the all rural and urban areas in New Zealand . Colgate expand their business in south and the north region which means the company earn the extra profit from their market strategies about their business. Moving into new market areas can transform a business and, handled correctly, can significantly increase your profitability. However, bear in mind that developing new products and services and selling in new markets can be risky – and mistakes can prove very  expensive. in  2008-09 the colgate the worth value in newzealand $14million  after that colgate expand their business 2009-10 its worth value increase $18million and this period of time colgate company earn 7. 5%profit . in 2010-11 the company worth value again raise $20 million   . Increase share:  When the business of the Colgate expand in all area of nNew Zealand it create the new customer and the market share of the company in market . Increase in share means to earn more profit. It all about demand and supply. In 2010 the market share value of the Colgate company $10 million after that when the Colgate increase their business as a result the share value of the Colgate increase $13 million in 2011Increase margins:  Increase margin means increase the profit of the product in market and Colgate in 2010-11 the company earn the more profit 3%as a compare to 2009-10. When the margin of the company increases it also effect the market share of the . So, increase in margins will directly affect the market share but you will earn money. For example the Colgate increased the price of gel product toothpaste 200g from $2 to $3 as a result increasing the price of the Colgate the market share value of the company decline to 7 % from 12% but still company is earning profit. Reduce cost:Reduce cost is also part of the market strategy of company for increasing the profit in the market. When the company reduces the price of product in the market it is the also positive change for the company for earning the profit and increase the market share value. As a result the company save the manufacturing cost and the product cost saving. Example Colgate also decreased the price of herbal product from 200g from $3. 50 to $2 only as result the company increase the market share value and increase the sale of product in market in 2011 only herbal product give the 10% profit of the company by the reducing the price of the product  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Task 2  ObjectivesTarget Market-  The objective for the target market is 12 to 18 year olds for the next 2 years  Demand-  1. million People using 12 per year =18 million tubes of toothpaste per yearTherefore our objective is to sell 1,200,000 sweet and 1,600,000 mint flavours over next 24 months  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ProductThe objective is to launch new product in next two years  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pricing-objective is to sell new products at between $3. 50-4. 00 over next yearThe main objective of the Colgate is fix the price of their toothpaste product . For this purpose Colgate sell the herbal product 200g for $3. 50and gel toothpaste in 200g for $4  Ã‚  Distribution-objective is to use their existing strong distribution over next year  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Promotionobjective is to do   sales promotions to launch and get awareness and trials by customers of the new product over next 12 months  Strategies:A)  According to Colgate strategy we   Ã‚  Ã‚  introduce at least two new products in the market with two different flavors like gel flavor and sweet flavor within one year. B)  In second strategy of the colgate, they sponser the   sports events in New Zealand like cricket matches, Rugby matches etc motreover ,we give the advertisement of colgate product on   radio, television,magazineor internet etc in next 2 years. C)In the weekend we advertise   about the new product flavor on the night club   we distribute the pamphlets to people and give the information about the product quality to people in next two year . D)In fourth strategy the company provide the discount on their gel and the herbal product and set the minimum price of the gel product 200g in $4 and herbal product $3. 50 for 200g in 2 years. : Our best strategy is advertisement of the new product flavour on the sports event in New Zealand because we easily provide the product information about quality to people. Question no-2  Evaluate the strategic options from 2. 1 above. Are they compatible with marketing objectives? A) Ability to maximize key opportunities and marketing strengths  Ã‚  according to Colgate strategies ,we introduce the atleast new flavour of the coilgate in the market for attracting the target market in A strategy. For promoting this product we give the advertisement on the sports event as well as distribute the pamphlets on the weekend and B and C strategies. Moreover, company provide the discount on their product on the different occasion. The market objective of the colgate to sell the sweet flavor 1,200,000 and gel flavour 1,600,000 and earn the 10 % profit in next 2 years. B)  Critical success factors in the intended market  the   critical success factor   of the colgate , the product of colgate easily available in the market where our target customer between the age group 8-18 buy the sweet flavor and 18-50 gel flavor . Moreover we promote the our product in the weekend because our target customer between 18-30 enjoying the at the club and the night party  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  C)  Marketing capabilities and resourcesThe market share of the Colgate 40% in the newzealand toothpaste industry as result Colgate company is the market capability to introduce the at least 2 flavour in the market with the new technology A strategy. In B and C strategy colgate company use their resources and advertisement of the product on the sports event and give the pamphlets to the people. In this way company earn the 10% profit in next 2 years  D)Market characteristics  Market characteristics of the colgate company, the market share of the colgate 40% in toothpaste of New Zealand but the competitor of the colgate toothpaste like smoker, pepsodent market share 10 and 15 % respectively. In a strategy of colgate they introduce the at least a 2 flavor of colgate product within 12 months but the competitor of the colgate launch only the one product within 2 year in the market,in B and C strategies colgate advertise their product on the sports event and distribute the pamphlets on the night club for attracting the target customer they provide the discount on the product in D in next 2 years. E)Competitive Factors  In newzealand the competitor of the collate smoker and the pepsodent only the 10 and 15% market share respectively but the colgate market share 40%. n A strategy colgate introduce the two product within 12 months but the competitor launch the one product wit hin 2 years as result the competitor factor give the positive response to increase the market share in the market in B and C strategy colgate company advertise their product in the sports event and distribute the pamphlets in the night club but the competitor of the Colgate don’t follow these strategies as result Colgate company easily achieve their marketing objective  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Question-3Evaluate distinctive competencies and competitive advantages of strategic options. Are they compatible with marketing objectives? Colgate is the market share 40 % toothpaste because Colgate provide their service between 8-18 and 18-50 age group. In market Colgate image is better than their competitor because they introduce the 2 flavour within 12 months according to target customers . Moreover Colgate use the different ingredients for making their product which give the strength and freshness to teeth’s  The distribution of the Colgate is the well manage in newzealand because Colgate distribution network distribute the Colgate product which is unique idea for catering the target customer in New zealand. Colgate through the advertisement colgate advertise their product in the market and well manage distribution network to make the easily available product in the market these are the market strategies are main competencies of   Colgate which provide their service to target   customer in the market of New Zealand  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Task-3  Question no-1  Rank the strategic options from the information gained in task 2  The strategy that we will be ranking first   is  B  to sponsor sports events in newzealand . to advertise the colgate product in sports event we give the information about the new flavour of product to people . The strategy   of the colgate that we will be ranking second is  A  to introduce two new products flavour of colgate in the market within 12 months because colgate want to increase the market share from 40% to 50% in next 2 year as result we want increase the profit 10 % and increase the target customer between the 8-10 % . The strategy of the colgate is that we will be ranking third is C to advertise the product on the night club because target customer of the colgate between the 18-30 age group people enjoing at the weekend but the colgate easily dstribute the pamphlets and give the proper information to people. The   strategy of colgate is that we will be ranking fourth is the D provide the discount on the new product flavour within 2 years because the competitor of the colgate set the high price of the sweet and thegel flavour in the market but colgate set the price   between$ 3. 50 to $4 sweet and gel flavour respectively. Q2-Balance the risks and returns associated with strategies are against the feasibility of achieving the marketing objective. The Main risk of colgate to spend huge money on advertisement because sometimes advertise donot successful for creating new customer and   not increase the sale of product in market. moreover it can be negative impact on the colgate strategies because advertisement don’t provide the proper information about the product quality to the people sometimes people   don’t like the advertisement thus every advertisement give the same message about the product to people so people don’t give the priority to advertisement of the product as result company don’t successful to provide the information about the product to people. The another risk for Colgate company of distribution network in newzealand.