When States Seceded During the American Civil War

The American Civil War was made inevitable when, in response to growing Northern resistance to the practice of slavery, several Southern states began to secede from the union. That process was the end game of a political battle that had been undertaken between the North and South shortly after the American Revolution. The election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860 was the final straw for many southerners. They felt that his goal was to ignore states rights and remove their ability to own slaves. Before it was all over, eleven states seceded from the Union. Four of these (Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina, and Tennessee) did not secede until after the Battle of Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861. Four additional states were Border Slave States that did not secede from the Union: Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, and Delaware. In addition, the area that would become West Virginia was formed on Oct. 24, 1861, when the western portion of Virginia chose to break away from the rest of the state instead of seceding. Order of Secession During the American Civil War The following chart shows the order in which the states seceded from the Union.   State Date of Secession South Carolina December 20, 1860 Mississippi January 9, 1861 Florida January 10, 1861 Alabama January 11, 1861 Georgia January 19, 1861 Louisiana January 26, 1861 Texas February 1, 1861 Virginia April 17, 1861 Arkansas May 6, 1861 North Carolina May 20, 1861 Tennessee June 8, 1861 The Civil War had many causes, and Lincolns election on Nov. 6, 1860, made many in the South feel that their cause was never going to be heard. By the early 19th century, the economy in the South had become dependent on one crop, cotton, and the only way that cotton farming was economically viable was through the use of very inexpensive slave labor. In sharp contrast, the Northern economy was focused on industry rather than agriculture. The Northerners disparaged the practice of slavery but purchased slave-supported cotton from the South, and with it produced finished goods for sale. The South viewed this as hypocritical, and the growing economic disparity between the two sections of the country became untenable for the South. Espousing States Rights   As America expanded, one of the key questions that arose as each territory moved towards statehood would be whether slavery was allowed in the new state. Southerners felt that if they did not get enough slave states, then their interests would be significantly hurt in Congress. This led to issues such as Bleeding Kansas where the decision of whether to be free or slave was left up to the citizens through the concept of popular sovereignty. Fighting ensued with individuals from other states streaming in to try and sway the vote.   In addition, many southerners espoused the idea of states rights. They felt that the federal government should not be able to impose its will on the states. In the early 19th century, John C. Calhoun espoused the idea of nullification, an idea strongly supported in the south. Nullification would have allowed states to decide for themselves if federal actions were unconstitutional—could be nullified—according to their own constitutions. However, the Supreme Court decided against the South and said that nullification was not legal and that the national union was perpetual and would have supreme authority over the individual states. The Call of Abolitionists and the Election of Abraham Lincoln With the appearance of the novel  Uncle Toms Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe  and the publication of key abolitionist  newspapers like The Liberator, the call for the abolition of slavery grew stronger in the north. And, with the election of Abraham Lincoln, the South felt that someone who was only interested in Northern interests and anti-slavery would soon be president. South Carolina delivered its  Declaration of the Causes of Secession, and the other states soon followed. The die was set and with the Battle of Fort Sumter on April 12–14,1861, open warfare began.   Sources Abrahamson, James L. The Men of Secession and Civil War, 1859-1861. The American Crisis Series: Books on the Civil War Era, #1. Wilmington, Delaware: Rowman Littlefield, 2000. Print.Egnal, Marc. The Economic Origins of the Civil War. OAH Magazine of History 25.2 (2011): 29–33. Print.McClintock, Russell. Lincoln and the Decision for War: The Northern Response to Secession. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2008. Print.

Drug And Alcohol Treatment Of Alcoholics Anonymous And...

Twelve step programs are commonly used in drug and alcohol treatment. Alcoholics Anonymous and Narcotics Anonymous both utilize the twelve steps, along with many other treatment centers. The twelve steps are used as a tool to stay sober and overcome addictions to substance abuse. The first step involves admitting one is powerless over the drug. It also involves admitting that due to the drug, one is no longer in control of his or her life. The second step is coming to the belief that there is a greater power that can restore one to sanity. The greater power can be anything from God to a higher power such as nature. The third step is making the decision to turn one’s will and life over to the higher power. This is when an individual fully commits oneself to the belief in something greater than him or her self. The fourth step is a moral inventory of oneself. Many individuals make a list of all the wrongs he or she has done while in the fourth step. (Alcoholics Anonymous Publish ing, 1981) The fifth step involves admitting to a higher power, oneself, and other people the exact nature of the offenses one has committed. The sixth step is preparing oneself to have a higher power remove the character defects. Asking the higher power to remove the deficiencies is step number seven. Step eight is making a list of the individuals harmed in one’s addiction and preparing oneself to make amends with those people. Step nine is fulfilling step eight and making those amends with hurtShow MoreRelatedNA Reaction paper1370 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Narcotics Anonymous (NA) meeting Reaction Paper Denisha Hightower Morgan State University Dr. Anthony Estreet 4/15/15 The Narcotics Anonymous meeting which I attended was named 7 Days of NA which was located on 1212 North Wolfe Street at an organization called Dee’s Place. Just as the Alcoholic Anonymous meeting previously attended, the location appeared to be in a covert and quiet place to hold a support group. We entered through the rear entrance, which seemed to be staged thatRead MoreNarcotics Anonymous1453 Words   |  6 Pagesinform my audience about Narcotics Anonymous. Central Idea: Narcotics Anonymous is a worldwide self-help organization that has been around for many years and continues to impact our society. Introduction Attention Getter: Imagine 60,000 people in one city, all dealing with the same problem, addiction. According to an article written by Carter M. Yang for ABC news on March 14th of this year, there are 60, 000 people in Baltimore alone that are addicted to illicit drugs. These numbers are dishearteningRead MoreDrug Abuse And Its Effects On The United States Essay879 Words   |  4 PagesDrug abuse is worldwide problem and one that has plagued the United States for decades. Drug abuse negatively impacts not only the individual user, but also our society as a whole. The fight to prevent the manufacturing and trafficking of illegal drugs into the country has made very little impact on its accessibility to those that wish to partake. According to the National Drug Control Budget Report for 2015, the President of the United States request $25.4 Billion in Fiscal Year 2015 in orderRead MoreDrug Abuse Is A Worldwide Problem Essay976 Words   |  4 PagesDrug abuse is a worldwide problem and one that has plagued the United States for decades. Drug abuse negatively impacts not only the individual user, but also our society as a whole. The fight to prevent the manufacturing and trafficking of illegal drugs into the country has made very little impact on its accessibility to those that wish to partake. According to the National Drug Control Budget Report for 2015, the President of the United States request $25.4 Billion in Fiscal Year 2015 in orderRead MoreThe Importance of Twelve Step Programs1935 Words   |  8 PagesAlthough the Twelve Step program began with Alcoholics Anonymous, the system has expanded to include and embrace all other addictions from overeating to gambling. Narcotics Anonymous is the Twelve Step group for persons who have an addiction to drugs. It started in the 1940s as a response to the growing number of chemically addicted persons who did not have a comorbid addiction to alcohol (Narcotics Anonymous, 2012). According to Peyrot (1985), Narco tics Anonymous is the oldest and largest self-help groupRead MoreAlcohol Is A Dangerous Drug1411 Words   |  6 Pagessociety the constant abuse of drugs and alcohol has become a major issue. Dependence on substances such as alcohol is a common phenomenon in our world. Many individuals who constantly drink changing their ways are the hardest and biggest obstacles. Often these individuals are looking to feel the positive effects that alcohol provides for them. Such as gaining more confidence and forgetting about any problems they may have in their life, past present or future. Alcohol is a drug that slows down an individual’sRead MoreSober Living An Early Recovery Living Arrangement For Addicts1030 Words   |  5 Pagespremises or a resident returning to the house intoxicated is likely to result in discharge. Sober Living is not a treatment program, but a strategy to allow more time for sobriety to take firm hold while the beginning steps toward recovery take place. A usual requirement is an active participation in a Twelve Step support program. Additional requirements may include substance abuse treatment, drug testing, attending school or finding work. However, there is an image problem. Society views Sober Living asRead MoreMorehead Inspiration Center Essay1119 Words   |  5 PagesThe Morehead Inspiration Center is a residential recovery program, serving approximately 100 adult males, over the age of 18, that are seeking recovery from chronic alcohol or drug related addictions. The primary mission of the center is to strengthen the individual recovering from an addiction, support their families and to serve the community in which they reside. The Morehead Inspiration Center is one of ten across Kentucky that participates in the Recovery Kentucky Initiative, a not for profitRead MoreAa Recovery Meeting At Club Soda989 Words   |  4 Pagesthemselves as alcoholics and the chairperson discussed the rules of the group. One of the rules stated was that those who had consumed alcohol in the last 24 hours were asked to only listen during the meeting. The chairperson officially opened the session by reading the Preamble. The Preamble is a brief overview of what Alcoholics Anonymous stands for in that it is a safe place for those in recovery to share, find strength and hope, and help with complete abstinence from alcohol. At that time theRead MoreThe Importance Of Successful Support Or Assistance From The Government943 Words   |  4 Pagestheir local community, until the 1940s with the creation of groups and treatment centers focused on assisting addicts. As the progressive era of the United States came to an end, the abuse of drugs and alcohol began to reach all-time highs. Dr. Hamilton Wright declared that the Of all the nations of the world, the United States consumes most habit-forming drugs per capita.† and with statistics like 470,000 pounds of drugs consumed annually, more than France and the UK combined, it was clear to

The Ancient Olympics Essay Example For Students

The Ancient Olympics Essay Since 1896, the year the Olympics were resurrected from ancienthistory, the Olympics have been a symbol of the camaraderie and harmonypossible on a global scale. The gathering of athletic representatives,the pride of the pack, from participating governments, even throughoutthe recent Cold War period, is proof that world unity is possible; justas it was in Ancient Greece with the polis or city-states. Olympic Games were held throughout Ancient Greece, but the most famousare the games that were held in Olympia in honor of Zeus every fouryears from August 6th to September 19th. The first record of thesegames is of one Coroebus of Elis, a cook, winning a sprint race in 776BC. Most historians believe the games to have been going on forapproximately 500 years before this. In the year Coroebus was made apart of history, there was apparently only one simple event, a racecalled the stade. The track was said to be one stade long or roughly210 yards. In subsequent games, additional events were to be added, most likely toincrease the challenge to these amazing athletes. In 724 BC, thediaulos, a two stade race, was added, followed by a long distance race,about 2 miles and called the dolichos, at the next games four yearslater. Wrestling and the famous Pentathlon were introduced in 708 BC. The Pentathlon consisted of five events; the long jump, javelin throw,discus throw, foot race, and wrestling. The Pentathlons, especially thesuccessful ones, were often treated and even worshipped like gods. Because of their exquisite physiques, they were used as the models forstatues of the Greek Gods. The superior athletic ability of theseathletes affects the games even today. The twisting and throwing methodof the discus throw, which originated in Ancient Greece, is still usedtoday. The original events were even more challenging than those oftoday. The modern discus weighs in at just 5 pounds, one-third of theoriginal weight, and the long jumps were done with the contestantcarrying a five pound weight in each hand. The pit to be traversed inthis jump allowed for a 50 foot jump, compared to just over 29 feet inour modern Olympics. Apparently, the carried weights, used correctly,could create momentum to carry the athlete further. Legend has it thatone Olympian cleared the entire pit by approximately 5 feet, breakingboth legs as he landed. One significant difference between the modern and ancient games; theoriginal Olympians competed in the nude. Because of this, the 45,000spectators consisted of men and unwed virgin women only. The onlyexception to this would be the priestess of Demeter who was also theonly spectator honored with a seat. The young unwed women were allowedto watch to introduce them to men in all their splendor and brutalitywhereas it was felt that married women should not see what they couldnot have. In addition, the virgins had their own event which occurredon the mens religious day of rest. Called the Haria, in honor of Harathe wife of Zeus, the young women would race dressed in a short tunicwhich exposed the right breast. Traditionally, Spartan women dominatedthis event, being trained from birth for just this purpose. The religious undertones of the events became extremely apparent onthe third day of the games when a herd of 100 cows were killed as asacrifice to Zeus. In actuality, only the most useless parts wereburned in honor of Zeus; most of the meat would be cooked and eatenthat day. The sacrifices were conducted on a huge cone-shaped alterbuilt up from the ashes of previously sacrificed animals. The mound wasso large, the Greeks would cut steps into the cone after discovering itcould be hardened by adding water and drying. .u412af4e5c52bd192331e53887764a4e0 , .u412af4e5c52bd192331e53887764a4e0 .postImageUrl , .u412af4e5c52bd192331e53887764a4e0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u412af4e5c52bd192331e53887764a4e0 , .u412af4e5c52bd192331e53887764a4e0:hover , .u412af4e5c52bd192331e53887764a4e0:visited , .u412af4e5c52bd192331e53887764a4e0:active { border:0!important; } .u412af4e5c52bd192331e53887764a4e0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u412af4e5c52bd192331e53887764a4e0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u412af4e5c52bd192331e53887764a4e0:active , .u412af4e5c52bd192331e53887764a4e0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u412af4e5c52bd192331e53887764a4e0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u412af4e5c52bd192331e53887764a4e0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u412af4e5c52bd192331e53887764a4e0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u412af4e5c52bd192331e53887764a4e0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u412af4e5c52bd192331e53887764a4e0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u412af4e5c52bd192331e53887764a4e0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u412af4e5c52bd192331e53887764a4e0 .u412af4e5c52bd192331e53887764a4e0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u412af4e5c52bd192331e53887764a4e0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Education In Colonial History Essay Another ingenious invention was a system to prevent early starts in thefoot races. It consisted of a bar in front of the runners to ensurethey all start at the same time. This most likely was viewed as ablessing by the competitors, as previous to this, they would be beatenby the judges with rods for an early jump. This system led to theextravagant mechanisms used for starting the chariot races in 680 BC. Other introductions to the games were boxing in 688 BC, the pancratium,a no-holds barred form of wrestling, in 648 BC, and eventually someevents for boys between 632 and 616 BC. The Olympics of old were entirely a man on man competition. No recordswere kept to be broken but a few amazing legends of the games havesurvived the test of time. Aegeus, for instance, was said to havecompleted his competition and then to run home to Argos, over 60 milesaway, in one day. Milo, one of the most feared Olympians of AncientGreece, was said to have carried a full grown bull to the arena,butchered it, and ate the entire animal in one day. Not surprisingly,he was said to have one many a wrestling match by the forfeiture of hisopponent. He also walked away with six consecutive Olympic crowns. These legends, for all their blood, sweat, and tears, were awarded anolive branch from the tree behind the alter of Zeus when they won. Fortunately, the regions they represented were usually somewhat moregrateful for bringing honor home. It was not uncommon for the victorsto receive free food for life, money, or other valuable offers. Theywere often worshipped as gods and sometimes their sweat was preservedand sold as a magical potion. In the later years of the games, an additional event was added whichsignaled the end of the games and the return to the war ridden life ofancient history. Soldiers, adorned with a full body of armor weighingupwards of 50 pounds, would compete in a foot race. Unfortunately, eventhe apparent athletic ability of these soldiers could not prevent thefall of Greece to Rome in the middle of the second century BC. UnderRoman rule, the Olympics began to lose its fervor until it was abolishedin 393 AD by the Christian Roman emperor Theodosius I who most likelyobjected to the pagan rites associated with the Olympics. Some historians believe that even after the official abolishment of theOlympics, it may have survived for an additional 120 years. Itssubsequent revival in 1896 was brought about by the discovery of theancient stadium. Since that time, it has been held every four years, inaccordance with tradition, being interrupted only for the two worldwars.The competition of the nations in these events represents theage old competitive spirit of man. The need for people to take pride insomething larger than themselves and feel as if they are part of agreater good. The Olympics, today as well as 3,000 years ago, offers anon-combative environment to do so.

Notes On Family History Assignment Essay Example For Students

Notes On Family History Assignment Essay Ayauna SumpterFamily History Assignment Customs, traditions, rules, and religion these are a few of the main things that make families so unique. Being that these 4 components is what makes up one big family there is way that these compartments intertwine, I am only 19 years old, and I m pretty sure my family history can go on forever, but I decided to expand my knowledge based on my immediate family members. This will only consist of my Grandmothers family history and how she created her family to follow all of the traditions and customs she was taught while growing up. For this assignment, I decided to conduct two short interviews with the family members I expected to know the most about our family history. My first interviewee would be my grandmother Luthelma W Johnson and my aunt Ve ga J Swepson. These two individuals are the oldest in my immediate family and they always showered my cousins and I with old stories about when they were growing up. Religion:Question – Who decided we would live our lives as Christians? Luthlema Johnson (Grandmother): My mother Lucinda Williams started taking me to church every Sunday when I was a little girl. We went to Ebenezer Baptist Church in Wilmington, NC. I enjoyed this church so much that once I started my family with your grandfather we started taking your Aunt and Uncle there every Sunday for Sunday school and Morning Worship along with attending Wednesday night bible study. Question Did you enjoy attending church every Sunday? Ve ga Swepson (Aunt) – As a child of course I would get tired of attending church EVERY SINGLE Wednesday and Sunday, but that has made me who I am today. Your uncle and I never had a choice to stay home from the church like you kids have now. Af. .ting over this project I honestly understand who I am as a person. I will admit I don t have the same beliefs as my family because I am getting older and beginning to learn things on my own. However, I am grateful to have a family to help build a strong foundation for me to become an independent young adult where I am able to figure out things on my own. With the family history assignment, I will say learned a lot about my families past and how it has led us to where we are today. I learned that my grandmother has a very big role in the changes that has been made to the family traditions. I also learned a little about how my great grandparents influenced the life I live now. I hope when I decide to start my own family I ll be able to pass down all of these traditions to my children and hopefully it ll help them become just as respectable and independent as I am.

Understanding The Nature Of Homlessness Essay Example For Students

Understanding The Nature Of Homlessness Essay Understanding The Nature of HomlessnessI knew that I would encounter homelessness when I came to Berkeley. Iwas expecting it, because just about everybody I knew had something to say aboutthe rumors theyd heard filter over from the West Coast. Coming from New York,however, I figured Id seen it all, and would be in control over whatever Iwould be up against. Reality quickly hit me, though, as I began to familiarizemyself with Berkeley and its main streets. Id never seen anything quite likeTelegraph Avenue and Peoples Park. No matter how much poverty one has seenthroughout the course of their lives, its far more difficult to accept when itoccurs in areas of high concentration. We will write a custom essay on Understanding The Nature Of Homlessness specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Understanding the nature of homeless people asking for money and theirinteractions with people walking up and down a main street such as TelegraphAvenue is a difficult task. This observation process, which took place onTelegraph Avenue watching the homeless at work, was difficult because of thewealth of information one could find in simply watching as one person askedanother for money. We looked for a number of signals in the interactions,considering peoples ages, how they reacted physically, whether or not theycommunicated verbally, their demeanor throughout the interaction, and theimportance of eye-contact. We must also wrestle with the ambiguity of the powerstructure within the situation, because it is not nearly as clear as it seems. In the end, we will try to decipher the true nature of these confrontations,concluding by comparing the analysis of these situations to those found in theworks of Erving Goffman and Robin Leidner. INTERACTIONSThe difficulty in defining the parameters of dominance within theinteraction comes in understanding the disparity between the social status ofthe person being asked for money and the status of the individual begging forit; the real science lies in determining how little that difference actuallymatters. Socially, the respective status of each individual should be quiteclear. The person walking down the street is probably either employed or astudent. The stereotypical homeless person, on the other hand, may have alcoholor drug problems, may be suffering from schizophrenia, and is clearly notcapable of functioning within the confines of mainstream society. Clearly,according to unwritten rules of our community, the employed person has a muchhigher social standing. Despite these social differences, the actualinteraction is controlled by the panhandler. Their authority role begins withthe initiation of the interaction; by being the one to cause the confrontation,the second part y- the one being asked for change- is forced to react, if not torespond, in some way. The initiation process itself varies quite a bit frompanhandler to panhandler and has a tremendous impact in terms of reinforcing thenotion of authority. For example, there were panhandlers we observed who werenot capable of singling out an individual person and therefore had a great dealof difficulty initiating or holding on to any interactions; on the other hand,one man we watched was particularly effective simply because he went out of hisway to single people out in the passing crowds, he was loud enough to make eventhe most jaded person turn and was clearly in control of the interaction. Once control has been established and the interaction has commenced, itis necessary to gauge the response of the individual being asked for money andexactly what that response may mean. Of nineteen interactions we observed,only seven people made eye contact with the person asking for money. We foundthat it was often easier for someone to say no if they did not have to look theperson straight in the eyes. One common response was to look to the personwithout making eye-contact, and then respond while turning away from thepanhandler. Many people did choose to communicate verbally, often using thephrase, I dont have any money. In all likelihood, almost all of the sevenpeople who uttered that phrase had at least a some money, and the homelessprobably know that. Still, the phrase- whether an outright lie or the gospeltruth- manages to carry a great deal of weight. Another micro-interaction wesaw quite a bit of was the use of the body to communicate certain attitudeswithout the use of words . There were people who looked up as soon as theynoticed the homeless people and would actually face their entire bodies to themas they walked by, suggesting acceptance, and there were others who angled theirbodies so that their shoulders provided a clear barrier, shielding theindividual as they walked silently by. Although I had expected age to be afactor in the interactions- and it was in that panhandlers did not ask childrenfor money-peoples age, and even the nature of their dress did not seem to haveany clear impact on the interactions. In truth, finding many specific patternsin these interactions would require far more time spent in the field doingresearch. .uee6ab90c2ce144e54fd51597b351209d , .uee6ab90c2ce144e54fd51597b351209d .postImageUrl , .uee6ab90c2ce144e54fd51597b351209d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uee6ab90c2ce144e54fd51597b351209d , .uee6ab90c2ce144e54fd51597b351209d:hover , .uee6ab90c2ce144e54fd51597b351209d:visited , .uee6ab90c2ce144e54fd51597b351209d:active { border:0!important; } .uee6ab90c2ce144e54fd51597b351209d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uee6ab90c2ce144e54fd51597b351209d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uee6ab90c2ce144e54fd51597b351209d:active , .uee6ab90c2ce144e54fd51597b351209d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uee6ab90c2ce144e54fd51597b351209d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uee6ab90c2ce144e54fd51597b351209d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uee6ab90c2ce144e54fd51597b351209d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uee6ab90c2ce144e54fd51597b351209d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uee6ab90c2ce144e54fd51597b351209d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uee6ab90c2ce144e54fd51597b351209d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uee6ab90c2ce144e54fd51597b351209d .uee6ab90c2ce144e54fd51597b351209d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uee6ab90c2ce144e54fd51597b351209d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The florence baptistery EssayOne factor which I took notice of early on in the field research processwas the behavior of people wearing sunglasses and their responses to the samepanhandlers. The initial results, in which three out of three subjects wearingsunglasses actually struck up conversations and appeared particularly at ease-to the point of laughter in two instances- convinced me that it would be worthdoing more research during the daylight hours. The next time I was on Telegraphduring the day I sat down for a few minutes and watched only for people wearingsunglasses. Six people passed a homeless man directly outside of Fat SlicePizza wearing sunglasses during the n ext ten minutes. Of those six individuals,two ignored the requests for change and the other four acted friendly andnatural, looking directly at them and responding in a pleasant manner. In total,of the nine people I witnessed wearing sunglasses, seven of them chose torespond to the beggar, a much higher percentage than in the total group. Interestingly enough, however, not one of the sunglass wearers offered money. If we look back at the factors which characterize the nature of theseinteractions, eye-contact would be very high on the list. The fact thatsunglass wearers have an instant barrier between themselves and those asking formoney makes the argument all the more reasonable that eye-contact has thegreatest impact on the interaction. Its much easier to respond to someone ifyou dont have to look them in the eye; in fact, wearing sunglassesautomatically puts the propositioned individual into the dominant role in theinteraction. The reality is that the information set may not be an entirelyaccurate representation of the actual social group; its hard to believe thatover seventy-five percent of the entire Berkeley population would be inclined totalk with panhandlers simply by wearing sunglasses. What the information setdoes suggest is that, for some people, sunglasses lighten the tension in asomewhat difficult exchange. LEIDNERIf we were to look at the work of Robin Leidner in the book Fast Food,Fast Talk, we would actually find similarities in the nature of some aspects ofthe interactions between the Telegraph confrontations and the interactionsbetween customers and employees at McDonalds, suggesting that both interactionsare somewhat routinized. Anyone familiar with Telegraph Avenue knows that, upondeciding to walk down the street, there is a very high chance that they will beasked for money. In response to this, some of us do everything in our power toavoid Telegraph altogether. Those of us who dont avoid it find that a plannedapproach to these interactions is often the most effective method for dealingwith them. We may choose to give change, we may choose to smile and apologizefor not having any more money, and we may simply ignore the requests. Still,there is a good chance that what ever we choose to do, we begin to prepare assoon as we see a homeless person. When we walk into McDonalds, Leidne rexplains, we must, in order for the purchase to run smoothly, already have ageneral idea of what we want and how to order it. In both situations, theinteraction has been routinized, in that a certain routine, or set of actions,has been developed in order to deal with a situation. Even the expectations ofthe employee and the panhandler fit directly into the routine. If you wereto ask a McDonalds employee for a large bowl of pasta and a glass of wine,they would not immediately be able to respond; its likely that the samereaction would occur if you went up to a panhandler and asked them for money,challenging them to behave as you are expected to. While the nature of each ofthese two routines may be quite different, there is no denying that there aremany similarities inherent in both. .u66efd42db7fae9c5b602e4101d340177 , .u66efd42db7fae9c5b602e4101d340177 .postImageUrl , .u66efd42db7fae9c5b602e4101d340177 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u66efd42db7fae9c5b602e4101d340177 , .u66efd42db7fae9c5b602e4101d340177:hover , .u66efd42db7fae9c5b602e4101d340177:visited , .u66efd42db7fae9c5b602e4101d340177:active { border:0!important; } .u66efd42db7fae9c5b602e4101d340177 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u66efd42db7fae9c5b602e4101d340177 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u66efd42db7fae9c5b602e4101d340177:active , .u66efd42db7fae9c5b602e4101d340177:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u66efd42db7fae9c5b602e4101d340177 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u66efd42db7fae9c5b602e4101d340177 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u66efd42db7fae9c5b602e4101d340177 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u66efd42db7fae9c5b602e4101d340177 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u66efd42db7fae9c5b602e4101d340177:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u66efd42db7fae9c5b602e4101d340177 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u66efd42db7fae9c5b602e4101d340177 .u66efd42db7fae9c5b602e4101d340177-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u66efd42db7fae9c5b602e4101d340177:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Multicultural Education in America EssayGOFFMANThis notion of a planned response, as well as the behavior of apanhandler tossing pennies onto the street, fit very well into Erving Goffmansdiscussions in Asylums. Goffman talks both about secondary adjustments, whichhe defines as ways in which the individual stands apart from the role and theself that were taken for granted for him by the institution (Goffman, page 189),and mortification, or being stripped of ones identity kit. (Goffman, page 21). By developing techniques in order to most quickly and painlessly respond to thedemands for change, we are actually making a secondary adjustment; if we nevertrained ourselves to deal with these situations, we would probably feel very illat ease with the situation and not handle ourselves well. Being put out on thestreet is clearly quite difficult. How does one respond to suddenly being aloneand forced to fend for oneself, without money, shelter, or food? This processof developing a new life on the street, without the support of society, is veryclose to what Goffman calls mortification. Although the situations are verydifferent, one with too many walls, one with too few, there is no denying thesense of loss of self felt in both cases. The prevention of mortification isone of the biggest reasons for secondary adjustments and when we look at oneparticular panhandler, who, in an effort to maintain some final shreds ofdignity, would throw any pennies he had been given out onto the sidewal k, we seea clear adjustment made. To this man, it wouldnt matter if he was given tendollars worth of pennies, because needing those pennies represented the lowesthe could possibly reachCONCLUSIONWhat does any of this mean? What can we gain from looking at thisinformation? While no great social upheaval will occur because of this research,there is no question that we at least have a bit more perspective as to thenature of these interactions. Though I expected to find more patterns- forexample, I had expected that older people would perhaps be more sympathetic- Ialso had not expected to witness so many clear interactions from the homelessand methods used to challenge the authority the panhandlers had gained. Eventhough there is no question that the homeless, through the initiation of theinteraction, control that element of the confrontation, its important torealize that it is the person who is being asked for the money who ends up withcontrol as it is their choice whether or not to gi ve away any of their money. Out of about forty people who walked by at one point, only one of them gave apanhandler any money, and that represents a very clear pattern. Sadly, thatpattern, without a significant effort on the part of local and nationalgovernment, wont change anytime soon. We may never cure the problems faced bythe homeless and we may never be able to retrain our society to be more tolerant,but we can at least, hopefully, begin to take steps to that end.

Free Essays on America And Unilateralism In Iraqi War

Unilateralism Unilateralism in this case means America’s decision to go into the war with or without the UN support. Such concern follows decisions and acts which indicate a â€Å"go-it-alone† attitude and the question of the United States’ participation in multilateral treaties and its respect for international law. US decided to go alone because they considered resolution 1441 from the 7th amendment sufficient. â€Å"Why America should abandon its instincts for unilateralism† by Chris Patten Chris Patten the EU commissioner for external relations said that ‘to assert that Americas first duty must be to protect its own democracy and the rights of its own people is not selfish, any more than it is wrong for Americas policy makers to be concerned to the extent to which international obligations may come to represent a threat to US sovereignty’ He uncounted five reasons for why we need American leadership and international cooperation on an unprecedented scale. ‘Leadership should be exercised in partnership’ -Modern world should be more connected in order to protect itself -Globalisation – countries have to work together to resolve common problems -International institutions need to be in the model of ‘everything by the rules’ -Europe should spend more money on defence -Long-term effectiveness costs – but accumulates over time. The Terror Iraq gained its autonomy after the World War 2. After they removed the king the ruler ship of Sadam Hussein became effective. Consequently Sadam infuses dictatorship and tries to become a leader of all the Arabs. The money made by oil he spends on personal army and luxury. While he lives like in the 1001 night fairytales, his people live in terrible poverty. In the beginning of 1980’s there was a 8 year war with Iran whilst which Sadam uses weapons of mass destruction forbidden by resolution of UN. In the summer of 1990 Sadam attacks and occupies neighbo... Free Essays on America And Unilateralism In Iraqi War Free Essays on America And Unilateralism In Iraqi War Unilateralism Unilateralism in this case means America’s decision to go into the war with or without the UN support. Such concern follows decisions and acts which indicate a â€Å"go-it-alone† attitude and the question of the United States’ participation in multilateral treaties and its respect for international law. US decided to go alone because they considered resolution 1441 from the 7th amendment sufficient. â€Å"Why America should abandon its instincts for unilateralism† by Chris Patten Chris Patten the EU commissioner for external relations said that ‘to assert that Americas first duty must be to protect its own democracy and the rights of its own people is not selfish, any more than it is wrong for Americas policy makers to be concerned to the extent to which international obligations may come to represent a threat to US sovereignty’ He uncounted five reasons for why we need American leadership and international cooperation on an unprecedented scale. ‘Leadership should be exercised in partnership’ - Modern world should be more connected in order to protect itself - Globalisation – countries have to work together to resolve common problems - International institutions need to be in the model of ‘everything by the rules’ - Europe should spend more money on defence - Long-term effectiveness costs – but accumulates over time. The Terror Iraq gained its autonomy after the World War 2. After they removed the king the ruler ship of Sadam Hussein became effective. Consequently Sadam infuses dictatorship and tries to become a leader of all the Arabs. The money made by oil he spends on personal army and luxury. While he lives like in the 1001 night fairytales, his people live in terrible poverty. In the beginning of 1980’s there was a 8 year war with Iran whilst which Sadam uses weapons of mass destruction forbidden by resolution of UN. In the summer of 1990 Sadam attacks and occupies neighbo...

History of American Cities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

History of American Cities - Essay Example The influx of the foreigners in relatively large numbers have produced a multicultural environment that is responsible for the rapidly changing socio-political scenario of the cities. The existing society and the social setup has accommodated the growing numbers of new inhabitants by not only creating new jobs but new suburbs and slums thus embarking on a new road that defines the inhabitants by the location and locations could reliably affirm the inhabitants’ race and culture. Historians and social scientists, through the years, have conducted studies to this effect and have come to some amazing results backed by research asserting that cities and suburbs are divided into specific locations that are characterized by the people who may be represented by their race, economic status or by their creative differences.  The cosmopolitan flavor of New York is distinguished by the colonies named after the different nationals inhabiting them, like Chinese colony, German colony, Span ish or Jewish colony. ‘Even the Arab, who peddles ‘holy earth’ from the battery as a direct importation from Jerusalem, has his exclusive preserves at the lower end of Washington Street’ (Riis). In the mid nineteenth century, the author Riis studied the immigrant population, living in tenements, in the lower New York and observed that the tenements developed according to the immigrants, well defined by their race and cultural background. The Italians, for example, had largely come to America in search of work and this was carried out by the fellow Italians who facilitated their immigration and later exploited them for their own vested interests.